Respiratory system Flashcards
How are bird respiratory systems different than mammals?
Air sacs
no diaphragm or pleural cavity
What is the primary bronchus?
Principal
main bifurcation
What is a secondary bronchus?
lobar bronchus off of principal bronchus
What is a teritary brochus?
segmental bronchus off of lobar bronchus
Where do bronchioles branch off of?
Tertiary bronchus
Where does O2/CO2 exchange occur?
Alveolus
Wat are respiratory mucosa layers?
Lamina propria
Epithelium
muscularis mucosa
WHat is the nasal vestibule?
mucocutaneous junction
Difference between respiratory and olfactor epithelium?
tangled cilia in olfactory
Bownman’s glands instead of goblet cells
Wha type of exchange is the lamina propria involved with?
heat exchange
What shape of neuron are in olfactory?
bipolar
What is the purpose of bowman’s glands?
dissolve substances for olfactory detection
Why are the dorsal neurons in the olfactory bulb important?
Innate fear responses
What is the nasopharynx
Located above soft palate and filled with lymphoid tissue and nerve endings that are open to environment
Wat type of epithelium covers the larynx?
Respiratory epithelium
Where is the vocal fold located?
Larynx
What is the stroma of the lungs made of?
Elastic fibers
What is the major parenchyma of the lungs?
Alveoli
What is the visceral pleura of the lungs made of?
Tnica serosa
mesothelium
Does the trachea have a muscularis mucosa?
No
trahcealis muscle
Do brionchioles have a muscularis mucosa?
Yes
What type of cartilage is located in the trachea?
Hyaline
What type of epithelium is present in the trachea?
respiratory epithelium
Are there elastic fibers in the trachea?
Yes
What is the diffuse neuroendocrine system
Cells secrete hormones
Regulates air flow
Where are clara cells located?
Bronchioles
What are the 2 functions of clara cells?
Surfactant production
Stem cells
Where does gas exchange begin?
Respiratory bronchiole
What is the epithelium of the alveolar duct?
simple squamous
What are type I pneumocytes
endothelial cells
what are type II pneumocytes
produce surfactant
stem cells
cuboidal and vaculoated due to lamellar bodies (surfactant)
Name 3 cels that may be present in interalveolar septum
Type I and II pneumocytes
macrophage
What are the 2 types of macrophages in alveoli?
Septal
Free (PAM)
What are the 3 components of the blood-air barrier
Endothelial cell
basement membrane
alveolar type I pneumocyte
What is the purpose of the blood air barrier?
Gas exchange
What is the nutriotional supply of the lungs?
bronchoesophageal artery
What is the functional supply of the lungs?
pulmonary artery
What are the 4 components of avian system?
Bronchi
Parabronchi
Atria (bronchiole)
Air capillary (alveolar sac)
What moves air in and out of the lungs in birds?
Air sacs
Does bird respiration only move in one direction?
yes
In one breath how many times is the bird lung filled?
Twice
