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Cell Biology > Digestive system I > Flashcards

Digestive system I Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 main layers of the GI tract?

A

Tunica mucosa
Tunica submucosa
Tunica muscularis
Tunica serosa

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2
Q

Describe the Tunica Mucosa

A

Innermost layer

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3
Q

What are the 3 layers of the Tunica mucosa?

A

Epithelial lining
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae

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4
Q

Describe the Tunica submucosa

A

Contains glands & lymphatic tissue, blood vessels, irregular connective tissue, Miesser nerve plexus

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5
Q

Describe the Tunica muscularis

A

2 or more layers of smooth muscle (circular & longitudinal)

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6
Q

Does the Tunica muscularis have nerves?

A

Yes, myenteric plexus located in the connective tissue between the 2 muscle layers

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7
Q

What 2 plexuses form the ENS?

A

Myenteric & Miessners

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8
Q

Describe the Tunica Serosa

A

Mesothelium

Made of simple squamous epithelium

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9
Q

When is Tunica serosa used vs Tunica adventitia?

A

Serosa: intraperitoneal organs
Adventitia: retroperitoneal organs

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10
Q

What are the 3 surfaces of the lips?

A

Skin
Oral mucosa
Muco-cutaneous junction

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11
Q

What is the difference between oral mucosa in pigs and ruminants?

A

Ruminants have keratinized oral mucosa

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12
Q

What type of muscle is present in the core of the lips?

A

Skeletal muscle

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13
Q

WHat is the hard palate? What is the epithelium covering it?

A

Bony roof of the mouth

Covered by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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14
Q

What are dental pads?

A

Heavily keratinized hard palates in ruminants

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15
Q

What is the soft palate?

A

Separates oral cavity from nasopharynx

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16
Q

How are tongue muscle fibers oriented?

A

In all directions

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17
Q

What is the lyssa of the tongue?

A

Cord-like structure that extends on ventral mid-line

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18
Q

What are the 4 types of tongue papillae?

A

Filiform
Fungiform
Vallate
Foliate

19
Q

Which tongue papillae does not have gustatory receptors?

A

Filiform

20
Q

Which tongue papillae are most heavily keratinized?

A

Filiform

21
Q

What are Ebner’s glands?

A

Gustatory glands located in the sulcus of foliate papillae

22
Q

Which is the largest tongue papillae?

A

Vallate

23
Q

What is the vallate papillae surrounded by?

A

Deep furrow

24
Q

Where are taste buds located on the vallate papillae?

A

Lateral side opening in to sulcus

25
Q

What are the 3 cell types associated with taste buds?

A

Sustentacular cells
Gustatory cells
Basal cells

26
Q

What is the purpose of sustentacular cells?

A

Support

27
Q

What is the purpose of basal cells?

A

Stem cells

28
Q

What are “taste hairs”?

A

Microvilli that extend in to taste pore

29
Q 
What flavor do sodium ions create?
Hydrogen ions?
Sugars?
Alkaloids?
Amino acids?
A 
Salty
Sour
Sweet
Bitter
Umami
30
Q

Which types of animals have bracydont teeth? Hypsodont?

A

Carnivores

Herbivores

31
Q

Do brachydont teeth continue growing after eruption?

A

No

32
Q

WHat are the areas of the brachydont? DO hypsodont teeth have these areas?

A

Crown
Neck
Root

No

33
Q

What is the hardest component of the human body?

A

Enamel (96% hydroxyapatite)

34
Q

What cells secrete enamel?

A

Ameloblasts

35
Q

Does enamel contain collagen?

A

No

36
Q

What secretes dentin? Is collagen present in dentin?

A

Odontoblasts

Yes

37
Q

What secretes cementum? Does it contain collagen?

A

Cementoblasts

Yes

38
Q

WHat leads to periodontal disease?

A

build up of tartar

39
Q

Describe steps of tooth development

A 
thickening of mesenchyme
bud
cap
bell
erupted tooth
40
Q

What is the dental lamina?

A

Stage I development: oral epithelium invades mesenchyme

41
Q

What is the tooth bud?

A

Stage II development: dental lamina forms epithelial bulge

42
Q

What is the enamel organ?

A

Stage III development: tooth bud increases in size and forms cap

43
Q

What is the bell?

A

Stage IV development: cap is converted to bell by epithelium and papillary mesenchyme growth

44
Q

Everything that forms the tooth comes from the mesenchyme except what?

A

Enamel comes from enamel organ

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