CIrculatory Flashcards
What is the conduction system of the heart?
Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
Purkinje fibers
What are the heart layers?
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
Characteristics of endocardium?
Endothelium
collagen
adipose
Characteristics of myocardium
cardiac myocytes
purkinje fibers
characteristics of epicardium?
mesothelium
collagen
adipose
What does mesothelium secrete?
serous fluid
What is the fibrous skeleton of the heart?
Dense connective tissue that separates atria and ventricles
What is the annulus? Trigone?
Connective tissue that surrounds valves
Trigone is connective tissue between AV canals and aortic valve
What supports the heart valves?
cardiac skeleton
Do purkinje fibers have T-tubules?
No
3 layers of Tunica intima?
Endothelium
Subendothelium
Internal elastic lamina
What is the tunica media?
Smooth muscle w/ external elastic lamina
What is tunica adventitia?
Connective tissue of vessel wall
What are myointimal cells?
cells within tunica intima that thicken with age
What is the thickest layer?
Tunica media
What are symptoms of vascular intimal thickening?
increase in blood pressure
hypertension
coronary heart disease
d ARTERIOLES HAVE EXTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA?
No
What do vascular endothelial cells and macrophages produce?
NO
What are the components of the capillary?
endothelium & basement membrane
What are the 4 types of capillar?
continuous
fenestrated
discontinuous
sinusoidal
Characteristics of continuous capillaries
No pores in endothelial cells
Most common
Caracteristics of fenestrated capillaries
pores within endothelial cells
Kidneys
Characteristics of sinusoids
gaps in basal lamina
Liver, spleen, bone marrow
Chracteristics of discontinuous capilaries
discontinuous endothelium
Liver, spleen
Are mast cells found in capillaries?
No, found in connective tissue by capillaries
Describe specific blood flow through capillary
Arteriole metarterioles precapillary sphincter capillary postcapillary sphincter vein
Name the 2 capillary shunts
arteriovenous anastomosis
glomerular capillary
What nervous system controls capillary circulation?
autonomic nervous system
describe overall blood flow through capillary
arteriole capillary post-capillary venule collectinvg venule muscular venule
Difference between a vein and a venule?
Veins have tunica intima
What does a neurovascular bundle consist of?
Venules arteriole lymphatic nerve capillary
FUnction of lymph vessels?
Transport excess interstiital fluid back to venous system
Do lymphatic capillaries have a basement membrane?
No, endothelium only
What % of blood loss causes hypovolemia?
25%
What can lactic acidosis be a symptom of?
Shock, lack of perfusion
What can be used to treat circulatory shock?
Peripheral vasoconstriction
