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Cell Biology > Cartilage > Flashcards

Cartilage Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is cartilage?

A

A dense supportive connective tissue that consists of cells (chondrocytes), fibers, and ground substance

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2
Q

Is cartilage vascularized?

A

No, no capillary bed

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3
Q

How does the lack of vascularization affect cartilage?

A

Limits the thickness of cartilage

Thick cartilage has vascular canals

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4
Q

What are the types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage

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5
Q

What are examples of hyaline cartilage?

A

Developing bones, growth plates, articular surfaces, respiratory tracts

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6
Q

What are examples of fibrocartilage?

A

Intervertebral discs, cardiac skeleton, some tendon/muscle to bone connections

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7
Q

What are examples of elastic cartilage?

A

Epiglottis, pinna

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8
Q

What are chondrocytes?

A

Chondrocytes are mature cells that are within the spaces of the cartilage extracellular matrix

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9
Q

Do chondrocytes occur singly or in groups?

A

Both singly and in isogenous groups

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10
Q

What are chondrocytes responsible for?

A

Production and Maintenance of cartilage

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11
Q

What cells differentiate in to chondrocytes?

A

Mesenchymal cells

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12
Q

What do chondrocytes look like?

A

Round with basophilic nucleus

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13
Q

When do mesenchymal cells become chondrocytes?

A

When mesenchymal cell is surrounded by extracellular matrix

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14
Q

What is a lacunae?

A

The space in the extracellular matrix that is occupied by the chondrocyte

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15
Q

Defining characteristics of lacunae

A

Good contrast between the chondrocyte and the matrix

Chondrocytes usually shrink more than the extracellular matrix

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16
Q

Which characteristic is used to easily define cartilage?

A

Presence of lacunae

17
Q

What is ground substance made of?

A

Proteoglycan aggregates (made of many GAGs)

Hyaluronic acid is the most important one for binding aggregates

18
Q

Is ground substance hydrophilic?

A

Yes, proteoglycans absorb 50x their dry weight in interstitial fluid

19
Q

Why is the ground substance resilient?

A

Negative charge of GAGs repel each other

20
Q

How do chondrocytes receive nutrition?

A

Nutrients and waste products diffuse through the extracellular matrix

Proteoglycan aggregates hold extracellular fluid which can be squeezed in and out of cartilage

21
Q

Do chondrocytes connect?

A

No, chondrocytes do not contact each other

22
Q

What is the perichondrium?

A

dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds cartilage

23
Q

What are the 2 layers of perichondrium?

A

Inner layer is chondrogenic (cells of inner layer are chondroblasts)

Outer layer is typical fibrous connective tissue

24
Q

Is perichondrium present on articular or fiborcartilaginous cartilage?

A

No

25
Q

What are the directions of cartilage growth?

A

Appositional or interstitial

26
Q

What is appositional growth?

A

New cartilage is deposited on the surface of existing cartilage under the perichondrium

Chondroblasts in the inner layer become trapped by their own products and become chondrocytes

27
Q

What is interstitial growth?

A

Cartilage tissue expands from within the tissue

Chondrocytes within the cartilage divide and produce more cartilage

28
Q

What are isogenous groups?

A

Evidence of interstitial growth

Results from division of chondrocytes in the lacunae

As the tissue grows, the cells become more separated

29
Q

What type of collagen is present in the extracellular matrix?

A

Fine collagen fibers (type II)

This gives the extracellular matrix a glassy appearance

30
Q

What color does the ground substance stain?

A

Basophilic

31
Q

Chondrocytes occur randomly singly or in isogenous groups in hyaline cartilage, what are the exceptions to this?

A

Growth plates and articular cartilage are more structured

32
Q

What are the zones of articular cartilage?

A

Superficial zone has flattened chondrocytes and collagen fibers are parallel to the joint surface

The middle zone has round lacunae and collagen fibers that arc towards the underlying bone

33
Q

How to tell elastic cartilage from hyaline cartilage?

A

Elastic fibers will contrast with the ground substance

34
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found?

A

E- Epiglottis, External Ear, Eustacian tube

35
Q

What type of fibers does fibrocartilage have?

A

Large collagen fibers to help with tendons and ligaments, intervertebral discs and symphyses

36
Q

How are cells arranged in fibrocartilage?

A

Rounded cells in lacunae and arranged in rows between collagen fibers

37
Q

How to tell apart fibrocartilage and dense regular connective tissue?

A

Round cells in lacunae

Cell Biology (20 decks)

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