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Cell Biology > Nerves > Flashcards

Nerves Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where are ganglion located?

A

Outside CNS

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2
Q

What does the central nervous system consist of?

A

Brain and Spinal cord

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3
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

A

Everything except brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

What is the cell body called?

A

Soma, perikaryon

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5
Q

What is Nissl substance and where is it located?

A

Clumps of rER located in the cell body and dendrites

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6
Q

Does the soma have a nucleolus?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What is the background of nervous tissue called?

A

Neutropil

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8
Q

Do dendrites conduct signals toward or away from the soma?

A

Toward

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9
Q

D axons conduct signals towards or away from soma?

A

Away

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10
Q

When do axons not transmit information away from the soma?

A

Pseudounipolar neurons

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11
Q

What cells produce myelin in the central nervous system? Peripheral?

A

Central: oligodendrocytes
Peripheral: Schwann cells

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12
Q

What are the 3 types of neuron shape?

A

Bipolar, pseudounipolar, multipolar

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13
Q

What are bipolar neurons used for?

A

Sight, hearing, smell

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14
Q

What are pseduounipolar nerves used for?

A

Regular sensory neurons

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15
Q

What are multipolar neurons used for?

A

Most motor neurons

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16
Q

Where can synapses occur?

A

Cell body, axons, dendrites

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17
Q

What is bodain classification of neurons?

A

Dendritic zone (area that is stimulated/inhibited)

Axonic zone (conducting part)

Telodendritic zone (terminal mods that allow for transfer of information at synapse)

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18
Q

What is the bodain classification of a bipolar neuron?

A

Dendritic zone: Dendrites

Axonic zone: Axon & cell body

Telodendritic zone: End of axon

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19
Q

What is the bodain classification of a pseduounipolar neuron?

A

Dendritic zone: on lower part of neuron

Axonic zone: Axon, cell body

Telodendritic zone: right above cell body

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20
Q

What is the bodain classification of a multipolar neuron?

A

Dendritic zone: Dendrites & cell body

Axonic zone: Axon

Telodedritic zone: End of axon

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21
Q

What are the neuroglial cells of the central nervous system?

A

Astrocytes, Microglia, Oligodendrocytes, Ependymal cells

22
Q

What are the glial cells of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Satellite cells (ganglionic gliocytes)

Schwann cells (neurolemmocytes)

23
Q

What is the purpose of neuroglial cells?

A

To provide support to the central nervous system because there is little CT

Form scars by proliferating astrocytes after injury

Nutrition, communication

24
Q

What is an astrocyte?

A

Largest neuroglial cell

Protoplasmic is found in grey matter

Fibrous is found in white matter (surround nodes of ranvier)

25
Q

What is the purpose of astrocytes?

A

Recycle neurotransmitters, maintenance of synapses, maintain the blood-brain barrier, antigen-presenting

26
Q

What diseases are astrocytes key in?

A

Alzheimers, ALS, Alexander’s disease

27
Q

Where are oligodendroglia located?

A

In the CNS

In grey matter near perkarya to produce myelin

In white matter to produce myelin

28
Q

How many neurons can one oligodendrocyte envelop?

A

Several

29
Q

What are ependymal cells?

A

Line cavity of brain and spinal cord

Contribute to formation of Cerebrospinal fluid

Stem cell properties (proliferate in response to injury, generate neuroblasts and astrocytes)

30
Q

What are microglial cells?

A

Small and dense phagocytic cells

31
Q

What is the bouton?

A

Expanded area of the axon that contributes the presynaptic membrane

32
Q

Describe the synaptic cleft

A

Gap between neurons that contains fine filaments and electron dense material

33
Q

What is the subsynaptic web?

A

Filamentous materials associated with the post synaptic membrane

34
Q

What is the tripartite synapse?

A

Astrocytic processes at the synaptic cleft form connections with neuronal synapses and each other with gap junctions

35
Q

Does neurogenesis occur?

A

Yes, throughout life.

Neural stem cells have astrocytic and neuroepithelial potential

Ependymal cells of the central canal are pluripotential

36
Q

What is dedifferentiation?

A

Progenitor cells are mono or uni-potent. If a cell becomes bipotent it has dedifferentiated to a stem cell

37
Q

What is transdifferentiation?

A

A cell becoming a cell type from a different embryonic lineage

38
Q

Where is epineurium located?

A

Around entire nerve fiber

39
Q

Where is perineurium located?

A

Around each fasicle

40
Q

What are the perineural cells?

A

A sleeve-like layer of epithelioid cells immediately around fasicles

41
Q

What is endoneurium?

A

Surrounds individual axons (along with myelin)

42
Q

How many neurons can schwann cells envelop?

A

One, many schwann cells on one axon

43
Q

Describe unmyelinated fibers

A

Several nerve fibers sit in simple clefts of schwann cells

44
Q

What is the gap between schwann cells called?

A

Node of ranvier

45
Q

What is each separate myelin segment referred to as?

A

Internode

46
Q

Why don’t myelin sheaths stain?

A

They’re made of mostly lipids

47
Q

Where are satellite cells located?

A

Surrounding the perikarya in the ganglion

48
Q

What neuron types do not leave the CNS?

A

Interneuron, upper motor neuron

49
Q

What are the 3 layers of connective tissue that surround the CNS?

A 
dura mater (outer)
arachnoid (inner)
pia mater (inner)
50
Q

What space is filled with CSF?

A

Subarachnoid space

Cell Biology (20 decks)

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