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Cell Biology > Integument > Flashcards

Integument Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 layers on skin?

A 
Stratum corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
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2
Q

Where does cell division of skin cells happen?

A

Stratum basale

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3
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

A

Papillary layer

Reticular layer

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4
Q

Characteristics of the papillary layer of the dermis

A

Dermal ridges interdigitate with rete pegs of the epidermis

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5
Q

Which layer is the thickest layer of the dermis?

A

Reticular

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6
Q

What is the most common cell of the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes

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7
Q

What 2 cancers generally arise from keratinocytes?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

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8
Q

What are Langerhans cells?

A

Antigen-presenting cell found in Stratum spinosum

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9
Q

Where do melanocyte originate from?

A

Neural crest

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10
Q

What cells accept melanin from melanocytes?

A

Keratinocytes

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11
Q

What is a Merkel cell?

A

Modified keratinocyte in contact with nerve ending

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12
Q

Is the hair follicle continuous with the epidermis of the skin?

A

Yes

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13
Q

What are the sections of the hair?

A

Cuticle
Cortex
Medulla (thick hair)

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14
Q

What is the difference between the root and the shaft of hair?

A

Root is embedded in follicle

Shaft protrudes from surface

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15
Q

What does the bulb of the hair surround in the dermis?

A

Dermal papilla

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16
Q

Where is the cuticle located?

A

Between hair & inner root sheath

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17
Q

Where is the ‘glassy’ basement membrane of the hair follicle located?

A

Between outer root sheath & connective tissue

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18
Q

Where are dividing cells located?

A

Bulb

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19
Q

Where are the cells that form the medulla located?

A

Tip of dermal papilla

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20
Q

Where are the cells that form the side of the hair located?

A

Cortex

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21
Q

Where do the cells for the cuticle and inner root sheath form?

A

Base of papilla

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22
Q

What are the 3 hair types?

A

Guard
Wool
Sensory

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23
Q

Where are the nerve endings located in tactile hairs?

A

Connective tissue

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24
Q

What is the main difference between tactile and normal hair?

A

Tactile hair has venous sinus

25
Q

The venus sinus in tactile hair divides which layer of the follicle in to 2 layers?

A

Connective tissue sheath

26
Q

What 2 types of tissue is the hoof made of?

A

Tubular horn

Intertubular horn

27
Q

What is the purpose of intertubular horn?

A

Holds tubular horn together

28
Q

What layer produces cells for hoof growth?

A

Stratum basale

29
Q

Similar to the epidermis, the hoof receives blood supply from the underlying connective tissue (dermis). What is this called in the horse?

A

Corium

30
Q

What is the coronet?

A

Junction of hoof wall & skin

31
Q

What is the periople?

A

Cuticle-like covering of hoof that makes it shiny

32
Q

What are the components of the hoof wall?

A

coronet

Periople

33
Q

What is the white line of the hoof?

A

Junction of hoof wall and sole

34
Q

What is the frog?

A

Tissue located in ground surface

35
Q

What are the projections of the corium called?

A

Laminae

Pappillae

36
Q

What are the primary adherence structures of the hoof wall?

A

Laminae

37
Q

What acts as the template for hoof wall, sole and frog tissue?

A

Papillae

38
Q

How does the papillae act as the template for hoof growth?

A

Cause epidermis to form tubules and intertubular horn

39
Q

How does laminae act as the main adherence structure?

A

Increases surface area for hoof wall adhesion

40
Q

Are laminae present in both epidermis (hoof) and dermis (corium)?

A

Yes

41
Q

What are the 2 divisions of laminae?

A

Primary

Secondary

42
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary laminae?

A

Primary is visible

Secondary is microscopic

43
Q

Where do primary epidermal laminae connect?

A

Inner surface of stratum medium

44
Q

Where do secondary laminae attach?

A

To primary laminae

45
Q

What type of dermal layers are secondary laminae composed of?

A

Stratum basale

Stratum spinosum

46
Q

What function does the stratum externum (periople) provide?

A

Waterproofing

47
Q

What is the stratum medium?

A

Makes majority of hoof wall

48
Q

What is the stratum internum?

A

Forms epidermal laminae

49
Q

What is the weak area of the hoof wall?

A

White line

50
Q

Where does cell division occur for hoof wall?

A

Stratum basale in corium of coronary band

51
Q

How much do hooves grow per month?

A

1/4 - 1/2”

52
Q

If a defect occurs at the coronary region, how long does it take to grow out completely?

A

8-12 months

53
Q

What is the coffin bone of the horse?

A

3rd phalanx

54
Q

Separation of the hoof wall from the 3rd phalanx (laminitis) is due to loss of normal function of what?

A

Laminae

55
Q

What is the difference in cell division of tubules and intertubular horn?

A

Tubules: cells divide on papillae

Intertubular horn: cells divide between papillae

56
Q

What is the main difference between claws/nails & hooves?

A

Claws/nails do not have secondary laminae

57
Q

What is the main difference between bovine and equine hooves?

A

Bovine hooves don’t have laminae

58
Q

Are there any large difference between the way antler/horns grow and hooves?

A

Not much
Antlers are shed every year
Antlers are covered in skin

Cell Biology (20 decks)

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