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Cell Biology > Digestive system III > Flashcards

Digestive system III Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the transitonal zone between the esophagus and the stomach?

A

Cardia

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2
Q

What are the 4 major layers of the glandular stomach?

A

Tunica mucosa
Tunica submucosa
Tunica muscularis
Tunica serosa

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3
Q

What are the folds of the mucosa and submucosa called in the stomach?

A

Rugae

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4
Q

What is the epithelium present in the stomach?

A

Simple columnar

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5
Q

What are gastric pits?

A

Deep invaginations of epithelium

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6
Q

What are gastric glands?

A

Glands that open to gastric pits (may be more than 1 per pit)

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7
Q

What is the difference between a rugae and a gastric pit?

A

Rugae is the gross fold of mucosa and gastric pits are located at apex of rugae

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8
Q

What are mucus neck cells?

A

Cells located in the neck of the epithelium opening in to the gastric pit

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9
Q

What is the epithelial transition at the margo plicatus

A

stratified squamous to simple columnar

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10
Q

How much of the lamina propria in the stomach do gastric pits account for in the cardiac region?

A

1/3 (deep)

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11
Q

WHat is the most important region of the stomach?

A

Fundus

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12
Q

How much of the lamina propria do the gastric pits account for in the fundus?

A

1/4 (shallow)

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13
Q

What are the 4 parts of the gastric (fundic) gland?

A

Isthmus
Neck
Body
Base

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14
Q

What is the isthmus of the gastric gland?

A

opening of gland to pit

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15
Q

what is the neck of the gastric gland?

A

constricted area near isthmus

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16
Q

What is the base of the gastric gland?

A

dilated adenomere

17
Q

What are the 5 cell types located in the fundic region?

A 
Chief
Parietal
Mucus
Enteroendocrine
Germinal
18
Q

Why do chief cells stain blue?

A

Lots of acid & RER

19
Q

What do chief cells secrete?

A

Pepsinogen
Renin
Gastric lipase

20
Q

Why do parietal cells stain eosinophilic?

A

Mitochondria

21
Q

What do parietal cells produce?

A

HCl

22
Q

What stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCl?

A

Gastrin
Histamine
Cholinergic nerves

23
Q

What structure in parietal cells extend from the apical plasma lemma to the cytoplasm?

A

Canaliculi

24
Q

What is the purpose of the mitochondrial canaliculi?

A

Intake of H+ and Cl-

25
Q

What is the purpose of the mucus neck cells in the fundus?

A

protection from HCl activity

26
Q

What are examples of Diffuse neuroendocrine system cells?

A

G cells secrete gastrin
D cells secrete somatostatin
EC cells secrete seratonin and substance P

27
Q

What are the stem cells of the GI tract?

A

Germinal cells

28
Q

Where are germinal cells found?

A

Neck and bottom of gastric pit

29
Q

How deep are pits found in the pyloric region?

A

1/2 lamina propria (deepest)

30
Q

What structure is present at the gastroduodenal junction?

A

muscular sphincter

Cell Biology (20 decks)

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