Respiratory - Pneumonia Flashcards
What are the four classifications of pneumonia?
Community-acquired
Hospital-acquired
Health-care associated pneumonia
Ventilator-associated pneumonia
What are 3 examples of typical community-acquired pneumonia?
S. pneumonia (most common)
H. influenza
S. aureus
What is atypical community-acquired pneumonia?
not caused by the traditional pathogens of “typical” pneumonia
What is health care associated pneumonia?
Patient is not hospitalised, but has extensive contact with healthcare settings
What is hospital acquired pneumonia?
Develops 48 hours after hospital admission
What is ventilator-associated pneumonia?
Develops after 2-3 days of intubation
What is pneumonia?
Inflammation of the parenchyma of the lung
What is the parenchyma
parts involved with gas exchange and include the alveoli and respiratory bronchioles
What are the 3 main features of typical pneumonia?
A cough that produces mucus
Fever
Pleuritic chest pain (pain when breathing)
How can atypical and typical pneumonia be differentiated?
Atypical have more extrapulmonary symptoms
What are two signs of pneumonia when looking at the heart?
Tachycardia
Hypotension
What are 3 signs of pneumonia when looking at the lungs?
Bronchial breathing
Dull percussion
Crackles
What acronym can be used to tell if a patient needs hospital admission with pneumonia?
C- Confusion
R- respiratory rate over 30
B - Blood pressure below 90/60
65 - Over 65
What are the 3 ways to diagnose pneumonia?
Blood test
Urine test
Chest x-ray
What are the 3 treatment options for pneumonia?
Oxygen
IV access and rehydration
penicillin antibiotics
