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Chest pain and shortness of breath > JRCALC drugs > Flashcards

JRCALC drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What does activated charcoal medicate?

A

acute oral poising or oral drug overdose

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2
Q

What does adrenaline (1 milligram in 10ml) medicate?

A

cardiac arrest by Improving blood flow, for more effective CPR

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3
Q

What does adrenaline (1 milligram in 1ml) medicate?

A

Anaphylaxis, life-threatening asthma

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4
Q

What does amiodarone hydrochloride medicate?

A

Cardiac arrest and rhythm disorders

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5
Q

What does aspirin medicate?

A

MI or ischaemia by reducing clot formation

Also inflammation and fevers

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6
Q

What does atropine sulfate medicate?

A

Symptomatic bradycardia

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7
Q

What does Benzylpenicillin sodium medicate?

A

antibiotic for meningococcal disease

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8
Q

What does chlorphenamine medicate?

A

allergic reactions and Severe anaphylactic reactions after adrenaline

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9
Q

What does clopidogrel medicate?

A 
Acute STEMI (giant tablets of 300mg) 
600mg dose
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10
Q

What does dexamethasone medicate?

A

reduces inflammation from croup in upper airway of children

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11
Q

What does diazepam medicate?

A

Patients with prolonged or repeated convulsions and is currently convulsing
Possibly cocaine toxicity and anxiety due to CNS depression

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12
Q

What does nitrous oxide / Entonox medicate?

A

Severe pain and labour pain

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13
Q

What does Furosemide medicate?

A

Pulmonary oedema, high blood pressure and heart failure

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14
Q

What does glucagon medicate?

A

hypoglycaemia

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15
Q

What does glucose 10% medicate?

A

hypoglycaemia when oral is not possible

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16
Q

What does glucose 40% oral gel medicate?

A

hypoglycaemia when oral is possible

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17
Q

What does GTN medicate?

A

cardiac chest pain due to angina or MI, or breathlessness due to pulmonary oedema by vasodilation

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18
Q

What does heparin medicate?

A

ST-elevated MI as adjunctive therapy with Tenecteplase

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19
Q

What does hydrocortisone medicate?

A

severe asthma, anaphylaxis, aswell as restore cortisol during adrenal crisis

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20
Q

What does ibuprofen medicate?

A

mild to moderate pain relief

Pyrexia (high body temperature)

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21
Q

What does ipratropium bromide medicate?

A

Severe asthma

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22
Q

What does metoclopramide hydrochloride medicate?

A

nausea and vomiting in adults

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23
Q

What does midazolam medicate?

A

patients with prolonged convulsions (over 5 minutes), or repeated convulsions and currently convulsing

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24
Q

What does misoprostol medicate?

A

postpartum haemorrhage within 24 hours of birth

gastric and stomach ulcers

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25
Q

What does morphine sulfate medicate?

A

Pain associated with suspected MI

Severe pain

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26
Q

What does naloxone hydrochloride medicate?

A

Opioid toxicity

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27
Q

What does ondansetron medicate?

A

nausea and vomiting for all ages

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28
Q

What does oxygen medicate?

A

low oxygen levels (will expand)

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29
Q

What does paracetamol medicate?

A

mild to moderate pain relief

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30
Q

What does salbutamol medicate?

A

Acute asthma attack
anaphylaxis
wheezing
worsened COPD

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31
Q

What does sodium chloride 0.9% medicate?

A

Fluid therapy

A flush with IV injections

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32
Q

What does sodium lactate compound medicate?

A

Fluid therapy if sodium chloride is NOT available

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33
Q

What does Syntometrine medicate?

A

Post-partum haemorrhage within 24 hours of birth

miscarriage bleeding

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34
Q

What does tenecteplase medicate?

A

Acute STEMI within 6 hours if PPCI isn’t available

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35
Q

What does tetracaine 4% gel medicate?

A

non-urgent venepuncture for patients with needle phobias

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36
Q

What does Tranexamic acid medicate?

A

Heavy bleeding

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37
Q

What does Felodipine medicate?

A

Hypertension

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38
Q

What does amlodipine medicate?

A

Angina and hypertension

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39
Q

What is an example of an absorbent in the JRCALC?

A

Activated charcoal

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40
Q

What is an example of an sympathomimetic in the JRCALC?

A

Adrenaline

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41
Q

What is an example of an antiarrhythmic in the JRCALC?

A

Amiodarone hydrochloride

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42
Q

What is an example of an Antiplatelet in the JRCALC?

A

Aspirin

Clopidogrel

43
Q

What is an example of an vagolytic in the JRCALC?

A

Atropine sulfate

44
Q

What is an example of an narrow-spectrum antiobiotic in the JRCALC?

A

Benzylpenicillin sodium

45
Q

What is an example of an antihistamine in the JRCALC?

A

Chlorphenamine

46
Q

What is an example of an corticosteroid in the JRCALC?

A

Dexamethasone

47
Q

What is an example of an anticonvulsant in the JRCALC?

A

Diazepam

midazolam

48
Q

What is an example of an analgesic in the JRCALC?

A

Entonox / nitrous oxide
morphine sulfate
Paracetamol

49
Q

What is an example of an diuretic in the JRCALC?

A

furosemide

50
Q

What is an example of an hormone in the JRCALC?

A

Glucagon

Syntometrine

51
Q

What is an example of an carbohydrate in the JRCALC?

A

Glucose 10%

Glucose 40% oral gel

52
Q

What is an example of an nitrate in the JRCALC?

A

GTN

53
Q

What is an example of an vasodilator in the JRCALC?

A

GTN

54
Q

What is an example of an anticoagulant in the JRCALC?

A

Heparin

55
Q

What is an example of an steroid in the JRCALC?

A

Hydrocortisone

56
Q

What is an example of an NSAID in the JRCALC?

A

Ibrupofen

Aspirin

57
Q

What is an example of an muscarinic antagonist in the JRCALC?

A

Ipratropium bromide

58
Q

What is an example of an bronchodilator in the JRCALC?

A

Ipratropium bromide

Salbutamol

59
Q

What is an example of an anti-emetic in the JRCALC?

A

Metoclopramide hydrochloride

Ondansetron

60
Q

What is an example of an benzodiazepine in the JRCALC?

A

Midazolam

Diazepam

61
Q

What is an example of an prostaglandin in the JRCALC?

A

Misoprostol

62
Q

What is an example of an opioid antagonist in the JRCALC?

A

Naloxone hydrochloride

63
Q

What is an example of an firbrinolytic in the JRCALC?

A

Tenecteplase

64
Q

What is an example of an beta agonist in the JRCALC?

A

Salbutamol

65
Q

What is an example of an isotonic crystalloid in the JRCALC?

A

Sodium chloride 0.9%

Sodium lactate compound

66
Q

What is an example of an local anaesthetic in the JRCALC?

A

Tranexamic acid

67
Q

What is an example of an anti-fibrinolytic in the JRCALC?

A

Tranexamic acid

68
Q

What is an example of an calcium channel blocker in the JRCALC?

A

Felodipine

Amlodipine

69
Q

What is the difference between 1mg in 10ml vs 1mg in 1ml of adrenaline?

A

Although they both allow for improved blood flow, during CPR

1mg in 1ml reverses inflammation in anaphylaxis and relieves bronchospasm in asthma

70
Q

When should Glucagon, glucose 10% and glucose 40% oral gel be used in relation to each other?

A

Glucose 40% oral gel as main, although if oral is not possible (choke risk) then Glucose 10%, if neither can be used or ineffective, then glucagon

71
Q

What does a symphathomimetic do?

A

Sympathomimetic drugs directly activate adrenergic receptors by causing vasodilation, and dilating bronchi

72
Q

What does an antiarrhythmic do?

A

Alter flow of ions across channels in cardiac cells to to reduce electrical irritability

73
Q

What does an antiplatelet do?

A

Stop platelet cells in the blood from sticking together and forming a clot

74
Q

What does a vagolytic do?

A

Reverse vagal nerve overdrive, block vagal activity and enhance AV conduction to increase heart rate

75
Q

What does an antihistamine do?

A

Ease allergy symptoms, by blocking histamines which otherwise fight against allergens

76
Q

What does a corticosteroid do?

A

Man-made version of substances produced by adrenal gland to block the production of allergic and inflammatory responses

77
Q

What does a anticonvulsant do?

A

Used in the treatment of convulsions/seizures, and potentially mental illnesses due to it supressing the CNS

78
Q

What does a analgesic do?

A

interfere with the message connection between the nerve endings and the brain to block the feelings of pain

79
Q

What does a diuretic do?

A

A diuretic increases urine production, and the excretion of water

80
Q

What does a nitrate do?

A

Nitrates relax the blood vessels of the heart, allowing more blood flow and oxygen, and treating angina (which is caused by a lack of blood flow and oxygen to the heart)

81
Q

What does a anticoagulant do?

A

Supress the function of different clotting factors to prevent the formation of blood clots

82
Q

What does a steroid do?

A

anti-inflammatory medicines

83
Q

What does a NSAID do?

A

Inhibits release and synthesis of prostaglandin, which otherwise regulates pain and inflammations

84
Q

What does a Muscarinic antagonist do?

A

Bind to muscarinic receptors on cardiac muscle cells, and smooth muscle cells to prevent them contracting/constricting

85
Q

What does a bronchodilator do?

A

Aid breathing by relaxing muscles in the lung and airway

86
Q

What does a anti-emetic do?

A

Ease nausea and vomiting

87
Q

What does a benzodiazepine do?

A

Depress the CNS, and can be used a sedative and - in the case of the 2 JRCALC drugs - anticonvulsants

88
Q

What does a prostaglandin do?

A

A group of compounds that regulate the female reproductive system

89
Q

What does a opiod antagonist do?

A

Bind to opioid receptors to block the effects of opioids

90
Q

What does a firbinolytic do?

A

Stimulate the dissolution of a blood clot by activating the fibrinolytic pathway

91
Q

What does a beta agonist do?

A

Cause active muscle relaxation and dilation of the airways

92
Q

What does a Isotonic crystalloid do?

A

An aqueous solution of mineral salts and water-soluble molecules

93
Q

What does a anti-fibrinolytic do?

A

Stabilises clot formation and inhibits the bodies clot dissolving drugs

94
Q

What does a calcium channel blocker do?

A

Prevent calcium from entering cells of the heart and arteries, causing them to relax and lower blood pressure

95
Q

What does a anti-pyrteic do?

A

Reduce temperature

96
Q

What is an example of an anti-pyretic?

A

Ibuprofen

97
Q

What is the difference between diazepam and midazolam in treatment of convulsions/seizures?

A

Diazepam can be addictive, so midazolam is preferred

98
Q

What is the difference between salbutamol and ipratropium bromide in terms of bronchodilation?

A

Salbutamol actively relaxes smooth muscle, whilst ipratropium bromide prevents the contraction of the muscle

99
Q

What is montekulast?

A

Blocks receptors which otherwise respond to an allergen, so is used to manage asthma

100
Q

What is the treatment for severe asthma?

A

a

101
Q

What is the treatment for anaphylaxis?

A

a

102
Q

What is the treatment for cardiac arrest?

A

a

103
Q

What is the treatment for STEMI?

A

a

104
Q

What is the treatment for NSTEMI?

A

a

Chest pain and shortness of breath (40 decks)

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