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JRCALC drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What does activated charcoal medicate?

A

acute oral poising or oral drug overdose

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2
Q

What does adrenaline (1 milligram in 10ml) medicate?

A

cardiac arrest by Improving blood flow, for more effective CPR

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3
Q

What does adrenaline (1 milligram in 1ml) medicate?

A

Anaphylaxis, life-threatening asthma

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4
Q

What does amiodarone hydrochloride medicate?

A

Cardiac arrest and rhythm disorders

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5
Q

What does aspirin medicate?

A

MI or ischaemia by reducing clot formation

Also inflammation and fevers

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6
Q

What does atropine sulfate medicate?

A

Symptomatic bradycardia

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7
Q

What does Benzylpenicillin sodium medicate?

A

antibiotic for meningococcal disease

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8
Q

What does chlorphenamine medicate?

A

allergic reactions and Severe anaphylactic reactions after adrenaline

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9
Q

What does clopidogrel medicate?

A 
Acute STEMI (giant tablets of 300mg) 
600mg dose
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10
Q

What does dexamethasone medicate?

A

reduces inflammation from croup in upper airway of children

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11
Q

What does diazepam medicate?

A

Patients with prolonged or repeated convulsions and is currently convulsing
Possibly cocaine toxicity and anxiety due to CNS depression

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12
Q

What does nitrous oxide / Entonox medicate?

A

Severe pain and labour pain

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13
Q

What does Furosemide medicate?

A

Pulmonary oedema, high blood pressure and heart failure

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14
Q

What does glucagon medicate?

A

hypoglycaemia

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15
Q

What does glucose 10% medicate?

A

hypoglycaemia when oral is not possible

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16
Q

What does glucose 40% oral gel medicate?

A

hypoglycaemia when oral is possible

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17
Q

What does GTN medicate?

A

cardiac chest pain due to angina or MI, or breathlessness due to pulmonary oedema by vasodilation

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18
Q

What does heparin medicate?

A

ST-elevated MI as adjunctive therapy with Tenecteplase

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19
Q

What does hydrocortisone medicate?

A

severe asthma, anaphylaxis, aswell as restore cortisol during adrenal crisis

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20
Q

What does ibuprofen medicate?

A

mild to moderate pain relief

Pyrexia (high body temperature)

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21
Q

What does ipratropium bromide medicate?

A

Severe asthma

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22
Q

What does metoclopramide hydrochloride medicate?

A

nausea and vomiting in adults

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23
Q

What does midazolam medicate?

A

patients with prolonged convulsions (over 5 minutes), or repeated convulsions and currently convulsing

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24
Q

What does misoprostol medicate?

A

postpartum haemorrhage within 24 hours of birth

gastric and stomach ulcers

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25
What does morphine sulfate medicate?
Pain associated with suspected MI | Severe pain
26
What does naloxone hydrochloride medicate?
Opioid toxicity
27
What does ondansetron medicate?
nausea and vomiting for all ages
28
What does oxygen medicate?
low oxygen levels (will expand)
29
What does paracetamol medicate?
mild to moderate pain relief
30
What does salbutamol medicate?
Acute asthma attack anaphylaxis wheezing worsened COPD
31
What does sodium chloride 0.9% medicate?
Fluid therapy | A flush with IV injections
32
What does sodium lactate compound medicate?
Fluid therapy if sodium chloride is NOT available
33
What does Syntometrine medicate?
Post-partum haemorrhage within 24 hours of birth | miscarriage bleeding
34
What does tenecteplase medicate?
Acute STEMI within 6 hours if PPCI isn't available
35
What does tetracaine 4% gel medicate?
non-urgent venepuncture for patients with needle phobias
36
What does Tranexamic acid medicate?
Heavy bleeding
37
What does Felodipine medicate?
Hypertension
38
What does amlodipine medicate?
Angina and hypertension
39
What is an example of an absorbent in the JRCALC?
Activated charcoal
40
What is an example of an sympathomimetic in the JRCALC?
Adrenaline
41
What is an example of an antiarrhythmic in the JRCALC?
Amiodarone hydrochloride
42
What is an example of an Antiplatelet in the JRCALC?
Aspirin | Clopidogrel
43
What is an example of an vagolytic in the JRCALC?
Atropine sulfate
44
What is an example of an narrow-spectrum antiobiotic in the JRCALC?
Benzylpenicillin sodium
45
What is an example of an antihistamine in the JRCALC?
Chlorphenamine
46
What is an example of an corticosteroid in the JRCALC?
Dexamethasone
47
What is an example of an anticonvulsant in the JRCALC?
Diazepam | midazolam
48
What is an example of an analgesic in the JRCALC?
Entonox / nitrous oxide morphine sulfate Paracetamol
49
What is an example of an diuretic in the JRCALC?
furosemide
50
What is an example of an hormone in the JRCALC?
Glucagon | Syntometrine
51
What is an example of an carbohydrate in the JRCALC?
Glucose 10% | Glucose 40% oral gel
52
What is an example of an nitrate in the JRCALC?
GTN
53
What is an example of an vasodilator in the JRCALC?
GTN
54
What is an example of an anticoagulant in the JRCALC?
Heparin
55
What is an example of an steroid in the JRCALC?
Hydrocortisone
56
What is an example of an NSAID in the JRCALC?
Ibrupofen | Aspirin
57
What is an example of an muscarinic antagonist in the JRCALC?
Ipratropium bromide
58
What is an example of an bronchodilator in the JRCALC?
Ipratropium bromide | Salbutamol
59
What is an example of an anti-emetic in the JRCALC?
Metoclopramide hydrochloride | Ondansetron
60
What is an example of an benzodiazepine in the JRCALC?
Midazolam | Diazepam
61
What is an example of an prostaglandin in the JRCALC?
Misoprostol
62
What is an example of an opioid antagonist in the JRCALC?
Naloxone hydrochloride
63
What is an example of an firbrinolytic in the JRCALC?
Tenecteplase
64
What is an example of an beta agonist in the JRCALC?
Salbutamol
65
What is an example of an isotonic crystalloid in the JRCALC?
Sodium chloride 0.9% | Sodium lactate compound
66
What is an example of an local anaesthetic in the JRCALC?
Tranexamic acid
67
What is an example of an anti-fibrinolytic in the JRCALC?
Tranexamic acid
68
What is an example of an calcium channel blocker in the JRCALC?
Felodipine | Amlodipine
69
What is the difference between 1mg in 10ml vs 1mg in 1ml of adrenaline?
Although they both allow for improved blood flow, during CPR | 1mg in 1ml reverses inflammation in anaphylaxis and relieves bronchospasm in asthma
70
When should Glucagon, glucose 10% and glucose 40% oral gel be used in relation to each other?
Glucose 40% oral gel as main, although if oral is not possible (choke risk) then Glucose 10%, if neither can be used or ineffective, then glucagon
71
What does a symphathomimetic do?
Sympathomimetic drugs directly activate adrenergic receptors by causing vasodilation, and dilating bronchi
72
What does an antiarrhythmic do?
Alter flow of ions across channels in cardiac cells to to reduce electrical irritability
73
What does an antiplatelet do?
Stop platelet cells in the blood from sticking together and forming a clot
74
What does a vagolytic do?
Reverse vagal nerve overdrive, block vagal activity and enhance AV conduction to increase heart rate
75
What does an antihistamine do?
Ease allergy symptoms, by blocking histamines which otherwise fight against allergens
76
What does a corticosteroid do?
Man-made version of substances produced by adrenal gland to block the production of allergic and inflammatory responses
77
What does a anticonvulsant do?
Used in the treatment of convulsions/seizures, and potentially mental illnesses due to it supressing the CNS
78
What does a analgesic do?
interfere with the message connection between the nerve endings and the brain to block the feelings of pain
79
What does a diuretic do?
A diuretic increases urine production, and the excretion of water
80
What does a nitrate do?
Nitrates relax the blood vessels of the heart, allowing more blood flow and oxygen, and treating angina (which is caused by a lack of blood flow and oxygen to the heart)
81
What does a anticoagulant do?
Supress the function of different clotting factors to prevent the formation of blood clots
82
What does a steroid do?
anti-inflammatory medicines
83
What does a NSAID do?
Inhibits release and synthesis of prostaglandin, which otherwise regulates pain and inflammations
84
What does a Muscarinic antagonist do?
Bind to muscarinic receptors on cardiac muscle cells, and smooth muscle cells to prevent them contracting/constricting
85
What does a bronchodilator do?
Aid breathing by relaxing muscles in the lung and airway
86
What does a anti-emetic do?
Ease nausea and vomiting
87
What does a benzodiazepine do?
Depress the CNS, and can be used a sedative and - in the case of the 2 JRCALC drugs - anticonvulsants
88
What does a prostaglandin do?
A group of compounds that regulate the female reproductive system
89
What does a opiod antagonist do?
Bind to opioid receptors to block the effects of opioids
90
What does a firbinolytic do?
Stimulate the dissolution of a blood clot by activating the fibrinolytic pathway
91
What does a beta agonist do?
Cause active muscle relaxation and dilation of the airways
92
What does a Isotonic crystalloid do?
An aqueous solution of mineral salts and water-soluble molecules
93
What does a anti-fibrinolytic do?
Stabilises clot formation and inhibits the bodies clot dissolving drugs
94
What does a calcium channel blocker do?
Prevent calcium from entering cells of the heart and arteries, causing them to relax and lower blood pressure
95
What does a anti-pyrteic do?
Reduce temperature
96
What is an example of an anti-pyretic?
Ibuprofen
97
What is the difference between diazepam and midazolam in treatment of convulsions/seizures?
Diazepam can be addictive, so midazolam is preferred
98
What is the difference between salbutamol and ipratropium bromide in terms of bronchodilation?
Salbutamol actively relaxes smooth muscle, whilst ipratropium bromide prevents the contraction of the muscle
99
What is montekulast?
Blocks receptors which otherwise respond to an allergen, so is used to manage asthma
100
What is the treatment for severe asthma?
a
101
What is the treatment for anaphylaxis?
a
102
What is the treatment for cardiac arrest?
a
103
What is the treatment for STEMI?
a
104
What is the treatment for NSTEMI?
a

Chest pain and shortness of breath (40 decks)

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