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Chest pain and shortness of breath > ECG 2 > Flashcards

ECG 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are ectopic beats?

A

Early or premature heartbeats, which can cause palpitations

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of the rhythm of the sinus node?

A

Sinus rhythm
sinus tachycardia
sinus bradycardia

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3
Q

What are 4 signs of a regular sinus rhythm on an ECG?

A

A rate of 60-100
P waves are present and normal
Rhythm is regular
PR interval and QRS timings are normal

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4
Q

What are 4 signs of bradycardia on an ECG?

A

A rate of under 60
P waves are present and normal
Rhythm is regular
PR interval and QRS timings are normal

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5
Q

What are 4 signs of sinus tachycardia on an ECG?

A

A rate over 100
P waves are present (although less visible in fast rhythms)
Rhythm is regular
PR interval and QRS timings are normal

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6
Q

How can sinus bradycardia be managed?

A

Reduce vagal tone (atropine)

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7
Q

What are 4 signs of sinus arrhythmia on an ECG?

A

variable, but a rate of 60-100
P waves are present and normal
Rhythm is irregular
PR interval and QRS timings are normal

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of the rhythm of the atrial?

A

atrial fibrillation
atrial flutter
atrial ectopic

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9
Q

What are 4 signs of a atrial fibrillation on an ECG?

A

Rate of 40-180
Irregular rhythm
P waves, aren’t seen and messy
The QRS complex is normal

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10
Q

What is paroxysmal atrial fibrillation?

A

returns to normal within 7 days, on its own or with treatment

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11
Q

What is the management for atrial fibrillation?

A

Rate control
rhythm control
anticoagulation

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12
Q

What are 4 signs of a atrial flutter on an ECG?

A

Rate of 60,75,100,150
Irregular or regular rhythm
No P waves, just consistent flutter waves with a rate of 300/pm
The QRS complex is normal

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13
Q

How can atrial fibrillation and irregular atrial flutter be differentiated on an ECG?

A

Irregular atrial flutter will have a rate of around 300 flutters per minute

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14
Q

What are 4 signs of a premature atrial contraction on an ECG?

A 
normal rate
Irregular 
P wave is seen double
PR interval is shorter
The QRS complex is normal although different distances
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15
Q

How can atrial ectopic be identified?

A

Negative P wave, Irregular P wave

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16
Q

What are the 3 types of heart block?

A

First degree
second degree
third degree

17
Q

What is the main sign of a first degree AV block on an ECG?

A

A gap of at least around one 5x5 box between the P wave and QRS

18
Q

What is the main sign of a type 1 second degree AV block on an ECG?

A

P-R interval increases gradually and then a P wave which isn’t conducted so no QRS following

19
Q

What are three main signs of a third degree AV block (complete block)?

A

Slow rate
No association between P wave and QRS
QRS is usually broad

20
Q

What is the main sign of a P wave asystole heart block?

A

No waves, other than p waves

21
Q

What is the main sign of a type 2 second degree AV block on an ECG?

A

Type 2 has the same PR intervals, with randomly dropped QRS complexes

22
Q

What is the main sign of a ventricular tachycardia on an ECG?

A

Rate over 150
regular rhythm, no P waves or PR interval
QRS complex is broad

23
Q

What are fusion beats and capture beats?

A

A normal looking beat on an ECG during ventricular tachycardia

24
Q

What is the main sign of a ventricular ectopic on an ECG?

A

An extra negative wave

25
Q

What are two types of ventricular ectopic?

A

couplet - 2 ectopic followed by a beat

bigeminy - 1 ectopic, following by 1 beat, and repeat

26
Q

What is the order of chest leads?

A 
V1 - Ride - Red
V2 - Your - Yellow
V3 - Green - Green
V4 - Bike - blue
V5 - Backwards - brown
V6 - Perfectly - purple
27
Q

What is the septal wall of the left ventricle?

A

Between the left and right ventricle

28
Q

What is the anterior wall of the left ventricle?

A

Front wall of the left ventricle

29
Q

What is the lateral wall of the left ventricle?

A

Side wall of the left ventricle

30
Q

What is the inferior wall of the left ventricle?

A

Bottom wall of the left ventricle

31
Q

What chest leads ‘look at’ the septal wall of the left ventricular?

A

V1 and V2

32
Q

What chest leads ‘look at’ the anterior wall of the left ventricular?

A

V3 and V4

33
Q

What chest leads ‘look at’ the lateral wall of the left ventricular?

A

V5 and V6

34
Q

What are the two unshockable rhythms?

A

Asystole

pulseless electrical activity (PEA)

35
Q

What are the two shockable rhythms?

A 
pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) 
ventricular fibrillation (VF)5
36
Q

How can a heart rate be calculated using an ECG?

A

5 squares are equivalent to 1 second, so the number of pulses per minute can be deduced

37
Q

What is a left bundle branch block?

A

blockage of electrical impulses to the heart’s left ventricle

38
Q

What is a right bundle branch block?

A

blockage of electrical impulses to the heart’s right ventricle

Chest pain and shortness of breath (40 decks)

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