ECG 2 Flashcards
What are ectopic beats?
Early or premature heartbeats, which can cause palpitations
What are the 3 types of the rhythm of the sinus node?
Sinus rhythm
sinus tachycardia
sinus bradycardia
What are 4 signs of a regular sinus rhythm on an ECG?
A rate of 60-100
P waves are present and normal
Rhythm is regular
PR interval and QRS timings are normal
What are 4 signs of bradycardia on an ECG?
A rate of under 60
P waves are present and normal
Rhythm is regular
PR interval and QRS timings are normal
What are 4 signs of sinus tachycardia on an ECG?
A rate over 100
P waves are present (although less visible in fast rhythms)
Rhythm is regular
PR interval and QRS timings are normal
How can sinus bradycardia be managed?
Reduce vagal tone (atropine)
What are 4 signs of sinus arrhythmia on an ECG?
variable, but a rate of 60-100
P waves are present and normal
Rhythm is irregular
PR interval and QRS timings are normal
What are the 3 types of the rhythm of the atrial?
atrial fibrillation
atrial flutter
atrial ectopic
What are 4 signs of a atrial fibrillation on an ECG?
Rate of 40-180
Irregular rhythm
P waves, aren’t seen and messy
The QRS complex is normal
What is paroxysmal atrial fibrillation?
returns to normal within 7 days, on its own or with treatment
What is the management for atrial fibrillation?
Rate control
rhythm control
anticoagulation
What are 4 signs of a atrial flutter on an ECG?
Rate of 60,75,100,150
Irregular or regular rhythm
No P waves, just consistent flutter waves with a rate of 300/pm
The QRS complex is normal
How can atrial fibrillation and irregular atrial flutter be differentiated on an ECG?
Irregular atrial flutter will have a rate of around 300 flutters per minute
What are 4 signs of a premature atrial contraction on an ECG?
normal rate Irregular P wave is seen double PR interval is shorter The QRS complex is normal although different distances
How can atrial ectopic be identified?
Negative P wave, Irregular P wave
What are the 3 types of heart block?
First degree
second degree
third degree
What is the main sign of a first degree AV block on an ECG?
A gap of at least around one 5x5 box between the P wave and QRS
What is the main sign of a type 1 second degree AV block on an ECG?
P-R interval increases gradually and then a P wave which isn’t conducted so no QRS following
What are three main signs of a third degree AV block (complete block)?
Slow rate
No association between P wave and QRS
QRS is usually broad
What is the main sign of a P wave asystole heart block?
No waves, other than p waves
What is the main sign of a type 2 second degree AV block on an ECG?
Type 2 has the same PR intervals, with randomly dropped QRS complexes
What is the main sign of a ventricular tachycardia on an ECG?
Rate over 150
regular rhythm, no P waves or PR interval
QRS complex is broad
What are fusion beats and capture beats?
A normal looking beat on an ECG during ventricular tachycardia
What is the main sign of a ventricular ectopic on an ECG?
An extra negative wave
What are two types of ventricular ectopic?
couplet - 2 ectopic followed by a beat
bigeminy - 1 ectopic, following by 1 beat, and repeat
What is the order of chest leads?
V1 - Ride - Red V2 - Your - Yellow V3 - Green - Green V4 - Bike - blue V5 - Backwards - brown V6 - Perfectly - purple
What is the septal wall of the left ventricle?
Between the left and right ventricle
What is the anterior wall of the left ventricle?
Front wall of the left ventricle
What is the lateral wall of the left ventricle?
Side wall of the left ventricle
What is the inferior wall of the left ventricle?
Bottom wall of the left ventricle
What chest leads ‘look at’ the septal wall of the left ventricular?
V1 and V2
What chest leads ‘look at’ the anterior wall of the left ventricular?
V3 and V4
What chest leads ‘look at’ the lateral wall of the left ventricular?
V5 and V6
What are the two unshockable rhythms?
Asystole
pulseless electrical activity (PEA)
What are the two shockable rhythms?
pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) ventricular fibrillation (VF)5
How can a heart rate be calculated using an ECG?
5 squares are equivalent to 1 second, so the number of pulses per minute can be deduced
What is a left bundle branch block?
blockage of electrical impulses to the heart’s left ventricle
What is a right bundle branch block?
blockage of electrical impulses to the heart’s right ventricle
