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Chest pain and shortness of breath > Cardiology - hypertension > Flashcards

Cardiology - hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypertension?

A

a persistent elevation of arterial blood pressure

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2
Q

What is stage 1 hypertension?

A

A blood pressure of 140/90

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3
Q

What is stage 2 hypertension?

A

A blood pressure of 160/100

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4
Q

What is stage 3 hypertension?

A

A blood pressure of 180/120

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5
Q

Should stage 1 hypertension be treated?

A

Consider it

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6
Q

Should stage 2 hypertension be treated?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Should stage 3 hypertension be treated?

A

Immediately

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8
Q

What are four endocrine related secondary causes of hypertension?

A

Primary aldosteronism
Pheochromocytoma
Cushing’s syndrome
acromegaly

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9
Q

What are two renal related secondary causes of hypertension?

A

Renovascular disease

Intrinsic renal disease

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10
Q

What are five drug-related causes of hypertension?

A 
Glucocorticoids
Oral contraceptives
SSRIs
NSAIDs
EPO
thiazide diuretic
ARB
ACE inhibitor
CCB
loop diuretic
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11
Q

What are five symptoms of hypertension?

A 
Palpitations
Angina
Headaches
Blurred vision
New neurology (limb weakness, paraesthesia)
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12
Q

What are the three signs of hypertension?

A

Retinopathy
Cardiomegaly
Arrhythmias

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13
Q

What is white coat hypertension?

A

blood pressure is elevated due to the stress of being in a clinical setting

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14
Q

When should drugs be administered to patients with stage 1 hypertension?

A

over 80, with organ damage, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, or diabetes

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15
Q

When should drugs be administered to patients with stage 2 hypertension?

A

Any patient

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16
Q

When should drugs be administered to patients with stage 3 hypertension?

A

Any patient

17
Q

What features if identified in patient with stage 3 hypertension should mean same-day specialist assessments?

A 
New onset confusion
Chest pain
Signs of heart failure
Papilloedema
Retinal haemorrhage
18
Q

What medication should a diabetic patient under 55 with hypertension be given?

A

ACE-inhibitor or Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)

then second dose of calcium-channel blocker or thiazide-like diuretic

19
Q

What medication should a non diabetic black patient over 55 with hypertension be given?

A

Calcium channel blocker (CCB) then

second dose of ACE inhibitor, ARB or thiazide-like diuretic

20
Q

What third dose of medication should be given to patients with hypertension?

A

ACE inhibitor or ARB and
Calcium channel blocker and
Thiazide-like diuretic

Chest pain and shortness of breath (40 decks)

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