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PJ's Biology > Respiratory or Gas Exchange System/ Circulatory System/Immune System > Flashcards

Respiratory or Gas Exchange System/ Circulatory System/Immune System Flashcards

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1
Q

Respiratory System (GAS EXCHANGE SYSTEM)

A

Intake and Expelling of Gases (breathing in and out)

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2
Q

Nose it better at

A

Filtering out pollutants in the air

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3
Q

Nasal passages have mucous lining to capture…

A

foreign particle

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4
Q

The mucous lining in the nose is surrounded by

A

Epithelial tissue with embedded capillaries which warm up the air

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5
Q

Pharynx

A

The passage way for air that connects the oral cavity with with the trachea (Air version of Esophagus)

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6
Q

Trachea connects and includes…

A

Pharynx and Bronchial tubes and Includes Larynx and Glottis

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7
Q

Larynx

A

Upper portion of Trachea… Also called (windpipe)

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8
Q

Glottis

A

Opening allowing gases to pass into the two branches of Bronchial Tubes

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9
Q

Glottis is guarded by a flap tissue called…

A

EPITLGOTTIS

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10
Q

Bronchi (Bronchus) (Bronchial tubes) Lead to the…

A

Lungs

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11
Q

Bronchi branch out in all directions into smaller tubes called…

A

Bronchioles

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12
Q

Bronchioles lead to tiny…

A

Alveoli

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13
Q

Alveoli:

A

Extremely thin-walled air sacs which is where gas chamber occurs

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14
Q

Capillaries surround the Bronchioles which bring blood with low oxygen from the pulmonary arteries to the Alveoli where…

A

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide is exchanged and brought to other areas of the body and breathed out respectively

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15
Q

Insects exchange gases by diffusion of gases…

A

Through SPIRACLES, holes in exoskeleton

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16
Q

Single-celled organisms exchange gases by diffusion of gases…

A

Through plasma membrane

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17
Q

Circulatory System

A

The flow of Blood Cells and the transfer of nutrients to and from them

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18
Q

Closed Blood Flow System

A

Blood confined to vessels (Like in Humans)

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19
Q

Invertebrates may have one of three different types of circulatory systems

A

Simple Diffusion into the gastrovascular cavity (without blood), Open Circulatory System (where Blood directly bathes the internal organs), or Closed Circulatory System

20
Q

Vessels:

A

Arteries, Veins, Capillaries, ect.

21
Q

Valves in the circulatory system

A

Valves that force blood to not go backwards. Gravity would make it go backward if not for valves.

22
Q

Arteries (And smaller ARTERIOLES)

A

AWAY from the HEART

23
Q

Veins (and smaller VENULES)

A

TOWARDS the HEART

24
Q

Blood Carries…

A

It is the HIGHWAY of the body. Oxygen, CO2, Minerals, White-blood cells, Nutrients, Proteins, Hormones, and metabolites.

25
Q

Capillaries surround…

A

All tissues of the body

26
Q

Hemoglobin:

A

Contains (4 heme groups) (Iron) which CARRIES the Oxygen

27
Q

Veins flow into what part of the heart in order to be oxidized

A

Right Atrium and Right Ventricle

28
Q

Arteries flow from these parts of the Heart

A

Left Atrium and Left Ventricle

29
Q

Excretory System

A

Responsible for collecting waste materials and transporting them to organs that expel them from the body.

30
Q

Kidneys:

A

Filter metabolic waste and excite them into the urinary tract

31
Q

Urine:

A

95% water. Broken down proteins (Urea), nucleic acids(Uric Acid), Creatinine (byproduct of muscle contraction, and various minerals and hormones

32
Q

Liver:

A

Produces Bile, and breaks down some nitrogenous molecules excreting them as Urea

33
Q

Bile

A

Broken down pigments and chemicals (usually pollutants) which aids digestion

34
Q

Lungs is also

A

Excretory Organ

35
Q

Skin is an…

A

Accessory Excretory Organ (Salts, Urea, and other wastes are exerted from sweat glands in skin)

36
Q

Immune System

A

Functions to defend the body from infection by Pathogen and gets rid of excess fluid in body

37
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Principal infection fighting component of the immune system and gets rid of excess fluid in body. Also part of Circulatory System. (Lymph, Lymph nodes, Spleen, Thymus, and Tonsils

38
Q

Lymph:

A

A collection of excess fluid and plasma proteins that is absorbed from between cells into vessels which circulate through the lymphatic system and dump into the blood stream

39
Q

Lymph Nodes

A

Small masses of lymph tissues whose function is to filter lymph and produce lymphocytes

40
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Begin in bone marrow and are B cells and T cells

41
Q

B Cells

A

Produce Antibodies which enter the blood stream;

42
Q

Antibodies

A

Find and attach themselves to foreign Antigens (Pathogen and toxins), thus marking them for destruction

43
Q

Spleen:

A

Contains lymphatic tissue that filters large volumes of lymph that nodes can’t handle

44
Q

Tonsils

A

A group of lymph cells in the throat

45
Q

Thymus

A

Only active in the teen years. Fighting infection and producing T Cells.

46
Q

T cells

A

Patrol the blood for antigens and are equipped to destroy antigens. Also regulate the body’s immune responses.

47
Q

Carbon Monoxide can…

A

Bind to hemoglobin, preventing oxygen to be able to

PJ's Biology (19 decks)

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