Respiratory or Gas Exchange System/ Circulatory System/Immune System Flashcards
Respiratory System (GAS EXCHANGE SYSTEM)
Intake and Expelling of Gases (breathing in and out)
Nose it better at
Filtering out pollutants in the air
Nasal passages have mucous lining to capture…
foreign particle
The mucous lining in the nose is surrounded by
Epithelial tissue with embedded capillaries which warm up the air
Pharynx
The passage way for air that connects the oral cavity with with the trachea (Air version of Esophagus)
Trachea connects and includes…
Pharynx and Bronchial tubes and Includes Larynx and Glottis
Larynx
Upper portion of Trachea… Also called (windpipe)
Glottis
Opening allowing gases to pass into the two branches of Bronchial Tubes
Glottis is guarded by a flap tissue called…
EPITLGOTTIS
Bronchi (Bronchus) (Bronchial tubes) Lead to the…
Lungs
Bronchi branch out in all directions into smaller tubes called…
Bronchioles
Bronchioles lead to tiny…
Alveoli
Alveoli:
Extremely thin-walled air sacs which is where gas chamber occurs
Capillaries surround the Bronchioles which bring blood with low oxygen from the pulmonary arteries to the Alveoli where…
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide is exchanged and brought to other areas of the body and breathed out respectively
Insects exchange gases by diffusion of gases…
Through SPIRACLES, holes in exoskeleton
Single-celled organisms exchange gases by diffusion of gases…
Through plasma membrane
Circulatory System
The flow of Blood Cells and the transfer of nutrients to and from them
Closed Blood Flow System
Blood confined to vessels (Like in Humans)
Invertebrates may have one of three different types of circulatory systems
Simple Diffusion into the gastrovascular cavity (without blood), Open Circulatory System (where Blood directly bathes the internal organs), or Closed Circulatory System
Vessels:
Arteries, Veins, Capillaries, ect.
Valves in the circulatory system
Valves that force blood to not go backwards. Gravity would make it go backward if not for valves.
Arteries (And smaller ARTERIOLES)
AWAY from the HEART
Veins (and smaller VENULES)
TOWARDS the HEART
Blood Carries…
It is the HIGHWAY of the body. Oxygen, CO2, Minerals, White-blood cells, Nutrients, Proteins, Hormones, and metabolites.
Capillaries surround…
All tissues of the body
Hemoglobin:
Contains (4 heme groups) (Iron) which CARRIES the Oxygen
Veins flow into what part of the heart in order to be oxidized
Right Atrium and Right Ventricle
Arteries flow from these parts of the Heart
Left Atrium and Left Ventricle
Excretory System
Responsible for collecting waste materials and transporting them to organs that expel them from the body.
Kidneys:
Filter metabolic waste and excite them into the urinary tract
Urine:
95% water. Broken down proteins (Urea), nucleic acids(Uric Acid), Creatinine (byproduct of muscle contraction, and various minerals and hormones
Liver:
Produces Bile, and breaks down some nitrogenous molecules excreting them as Urea
Bile
Broken down pigments and chemicals (usually pollutants) which aids digestion
Lungs is also
Excretory Organ
Skin is an…
Accessory Excretory Organ (Salts, Urea, and other wastes are exerted from sweat glands in skin)
Immune System
Functions to defend the body from infection by Pathogen and gets rid of excess fluid in body
Lymphatic System
Principal infection fighting component of the immune system and gets rid of excess fluid in body. Also part of Circulatory System. (Lymph, Lymph nodes, Spleen, Thymus, and Tonsils
Lymph:
A collection of excess fluid and plasma proteins that is absorbed from between cells into vessels which circulate through the lymphatic system and dump into the blood stream
Lymph Nodes
Small masses of lymph tissues whose function is to filter lymph and produce lymphocytes
Lymphocytes
Begin in bone marrow and are B cells and T cells
B Cells
Produce Antibodies which enter the blood stream;
Antibodies
Find and attach themselves to foreign Antigens (Pathogen and toxins), thus marking them for destruction
Spleen:
Contains lymphatic tissue that filters large volumes of lymph that nodes can’t handle
Tonsils
A group of lymph cells in the throat
Thymus
Only active in the teen years. Fighting infection and producing T Cells.
T cells
Patrol the blood for antigens and are equipped to destroy antigens. Also regulate the body’s immune responses.
Carbon Monoxide can…
Bind to hemoglobin, preventing oxygen to be able to
