Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PJ's Biology > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ecology

A

The study of how organisms interact with each other and affect and are effected by their environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ecosystem

A

Group of populations found within a given locality plus the non-living environment around them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Population

A

The total number of a single species of organisms found in a given ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Community

A

Populations that interact with each other in a particular ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Biosphere

A

The part of the Earth that includes all living things. Atmosphere, Lithosphere, and Hydrosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lithosphere

A

GROUND

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hydrosphere

A

Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Habitat

A

Where species live

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Biotic

A

Living factors that are needed to sustain a habitat. (Food sources, predators)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Abiotic

A

Nonliving factors that are needed to sustain a habitat. (Weather, temperature, soil feature)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Niche

A

The role a species plays in a given ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Energy cycle

A

Food chain or webs. How energy is moved around.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Biogeochemical cycle

A

Water cycle, carbon cycle, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Food chain

A

Look at book

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Producers

A

Photosynthetic organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Primary consumers

A

Herivores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Secondary consumers

A

Feed on primary consumers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Trophic Levels

A

The levels of a pyramid in a food chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Autotrophs

A

Produce their own food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Each trophic level is greater in…

A

Biomass (total mass of organisms) than the level above it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Second trophic level

A

the Second tier of the pyramid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Food web

A

A more correct and complicated depiction of a food chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hydrologic Cycle

A

Water cycle (see picture). Clouds, run off, transpiration, evaporation, rain, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Greenhouse gas

A

a Gas that keeps heat in the atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Nitrogen fixing

A

Combining nitrogen with either hydrogen or oxygen mostly by nitrogen-fixing bacteria and lightning. produces ammonium (NH4+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Nitrification

A

Further breaking down Ammonium into Nitrites or Nitrates. NO2- and NO3-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Nitrate

A

NO3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Volcanoes produce

A

Nitrogen compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Ammonification

A

The decomposition of dead plants and animals into ammonia NH3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Denitrification

A

Braking down Nitrates into Nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Fossil Fuels

A

Natural gas and stuff. When burned produce carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Nitrogen Cycle

A

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria form ammonium, ammonia, and nitrate and nitrites that plants can use. Then animals eat them. Denitrification releases nitrogen into the atmosphere which fixed. Animals also die and decompose back into ammonium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Carbon Cycle

A

SEE PICTURE. Animals release CO2 that is burned in their body when the breathe and die and when fossil fuels are burned. Animals get Carbon by eating producers and other consumers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Phosphorous Cycle

A

Mostly occurs from erosion and decomposition. Organisms use it in ATP and NADP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Natality

A

Birth Rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Mortality

A

Death rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Limiting Factors

A

Determine how much a particular population in a community is able to grow. (Abiotic and Biotic)

38
Q

Abiotic Factors (Limiting factors)

A

Non-living, fire, pollution, sunlight, soil properties, temperature, etc.

39
Q

Biotic Factors (Limiting Factors)

A

Reproductive span, Sexual maturity age, Food, Competition, predator-prey relationships, symbiosis, overpopulation, etc.

40
Q

Homeostasis

A

Dynamic balance achieved within an ecosystem functioning at optimum level. Death rate and birth rate are equal

41
Q

Density

A

Number of organisms per area

42
Q

Density-independent factors

A

Abiotic limiting factors. The rockiness of a cliff.

43
Q

Density-dependent factors

A

Biotic limiting factors. Food supply

44
Q

Carrying capacity

A

Growth rate is level. Death rate = Birth rate.

45
Q

Range

A

The total area occupied by a species. Usually populations have more density at center than edges of range.

46
Q

3 ways of Dispersion

A

Moving In and out of an area. Emigration, Immigration, Migration.

47
Q

Emigration

A

Permanent one way movement out of the original range

48
Q

Immigration

A

Permanent one way movement into a new range

49
Q

Migration

A

The temporary movement out of one range into another and back

50
Q

Competition

A

When two or more species living in the same area eat some of the same preys.

51
Q

Competitive exclusion

A

The wiping out of a species in an area due to competition

52
Q

3 types of Symbiosis

A

When two species interact with each other within the same range. AMENSALISM, MUTUALISM, PARASITISM

53
Q

AMENSALISM

A

When one species is neither helped nor harmed while the other is harmed. Sheep trampling Grass.

54
Q

Mutualism

A

Both species benefit

55
Q

Parasitism

A

One species benefits but the other is harmed

56
Q

Minimal viable population size

A

Maintaining just enough population to keep things rolling so to speak you know?

57
Q

Community structure

A

What types of species are dominate, what are major climatic trends of the region and is the community open or closed?

58
Q

(ECOTONE)

A

Closed community. The populations occupy essentially the same range with similar distribution of density (island, pond)

59
Q

Open Community

A

Indefinite boundaries and variations in distribution of density

60
Q

Succession

A

When one community completely replaces another. It could happen after a cataclysmic event that wipes out the original population or it may occur slowly as the climate changes.

61
Q

Pioneer

A

The first populations that move back into a disturbed ecosystem. Very hardy species that can survive bleak conditions.

62
Q

Climax Community

A

A stable community that best fits the climate and soil conditions. It is in homeostasis.

63
Q

Biome

A

An ecosystem that is defined by its climate characteristics

64
Q

Terrestrial biomes

A

Exist on land

65
Q

Biogeography

A

The study of how photosynthetic organisms and animals are distributed in a particular location plus the history of their distribution in the past.

66
Q

Introduced species

A

Species that inhabit a given ecosystem because humans transported them there

67
Q

Ethology

A

Organism Behavioral science

68
Q

Innate Behaviors

A

Instincts

69
Q

4 types of Stereotyped behaviors

A

Taxes (Taxis), Kineses, Reflexes, Fixed Action Patterns (FAPs)

70
Q

Taxes (TAXIS)

A

Directional responses either towards or away stimuli

71
Q

Kineses

A

Changes in speed of movement of a body part in response to a stimulus

72
Q

Fixed Actions Patterns (FAP)

A

Complex stereotyped behaviors in response to a stimulus (Releaser or sign stimulus)

73
Q

Releaser (Sign Stimulus)

A

Stimulus that FAPs respond to

74
Q

3 types of Learned Behaviors

A

Conditioning, Habituation, and Imprinting

75
Q

Conditioning (learned behaviors)

A

A behavior that is taught like teaching a dog to salivate when a bell in rung. Ivan Pavlov.

76
Q

B.F. Skinner taught that.

A

When a particular behavior is rewarded, the individual is being conditioned to repeat that behavior

77
Q

Habituation

A

When you produce less and less response as a stimulus is repeated, such as being scared when driving a car.

78
Q

Imprinting

A

Learned behavior that occurs during a pivotal point an animal’s lifespan. Like when a bird learns who its mother is.

79
Q

Social Behavior

A

Behavioral patterns that take into account other individuals

80
Q

Home Range

A

An area in which they spend most of their time

81
Q

Territory

A

Area that animals will defend as their own

82
Q

Sexual and Mating behaviors rely on…

A

Complex interactions of the endocrine, nervous, and musculoskeletal systems

83
Q

Society

A

An organization of individuals in a population in which tasks are divided in order to work together. Bees and primates.

84
Q

Bees divide their responsibilities based on division of labor while primates build it around the idea of

A

Dominance

85
Q

Altruism

A

Having traits that tend to serve the needs of the society as a whole in addition to its own individual needs

86
Q

Human Population Growth

A

A very complex study that takes into account Natality (contraception), mortality, Genetic engineering, Environmental pollution, and the other ways humans reason around many limiting factors

87
Q

Thomas Malthus

A

Famous human population growth scientists that recognized the the exponential properties of population growth would exhausted the earth’s food supply when humans eventually overpopulated.

88
Q

4 periods of the Theory of DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION

A

Birth and Death rates are approximately equal allowing population to be in equilibrium. Then social evolutions like fighting disease, mass produced food, and agrarian lifestyles where families have numerous children to work the farm cause rapid population growth. Then urban societies form causing less use for lots of children but bio medical progress causes lower infant mortality rate which causes lowers birth death rate. In the 4th and final stage, industrialized nations work to lower birth rates through contraceptive practices.

89
Q

AgeAs birth rates increase, the population tends to shift toward the…

A

Youth

90
Q

Medical advancements make shift the population towards

A

the Old

91
Q

Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in symbiosis on the nodules of the roots of…

A

of legumes (Beans, peas)

PJ's Biology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions