Genetics Flashcards
Inheritance:
The process by which characteristics pass from one generation to another
Gregor Mendel
Moved genetics along a lot. Discovered dominant and Recessive “hereditary factors” (genes) and thus the basis for the Punnett Square. Began Capitalizing Dominant alleles and not recessive alleles
Locus
A given gene on homologous pairs that has the same trait as the other pair
Alleles
The different forms of genes that code for the same type of thing. Y versus y versus X versus x. (all different Alleles)
Genotype
The combination of Alleles for a given trait (Yy, Xy)
Phenotype
Specific genetic traits expressed
Dominant allele
Uppercase. Negates any other allele it is paired with that is different than itself
Recessive
Lowercase. An allele that does not express its trait when paired with a dominant allele
Punnett Square
Y y
y yY yy
y yY yy
Homozygous gene for a given trait
Both alleles for the given genotype are the same
Heterozygous for a given trait
Both alleles for the given genotype are not the same
P1 generation
(Parent) first generation of true-breeding plants (green seeds vs yellow seeds)
F1 generation
(Family) 2cd generation… The crossing of the green seed plants and yellow seed plants created yellow seeds
F2 generation
3rd generation… the crossing of the seeds produced by the 2cd generation plants. Even though only yellow seed plants were being crossed, an occasional greed seed plant was produced
Mendelian Laws
Laws in genetics make by Gregor Mendel. (laws of segregation, dominance, and independent assortment
