Cell Structure Flashcards
Cell Membrane
Semipermeable membrane that separates cells from outside world and regulates trade into a cell
Microvilli and Cilia
protrusions from a cell membrane used to absorb nutrients
Cytoskeleton
provides support to a cell. Includes Microfilaments, Microtubules (which are found at bases of cilia), and Intermediate Filaments
Centrioles:
Can form Basal Bodies but primarily are for the formation of structural skeleton around which cells split during mitosis and meiosis.
Basal Bodies…
Are structurally similar to centrioles but their function is to anchor and aid in the movement of flagella or cilia.
Ribosomes
non-membrane bounded organelle where protein synthesis occurs
Attached Ribosomes
are destined for use within membrane-bounded organelle
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER
Delivers lipids and proteins to cerain places in cytoplasm. RER is also instrumental to protein synthesis. Lipids, hormones, and steroids are made in SER.
Golgi Apparatus:
Mailing service for proteins
Secretory vesicles:
Packates of stuff made by ER or Golgi Bodies for Exocytosis (excrusion from the cell)
Endocytic Vesicles:
Packages of stuff made by pinocytosis (endocytosis) (intrusion into the cell)
Leucoplasts:
Organelles that store starches or oils
Lysosomes
contain digestive enzymes
Mitochondria:
where nutrients are converted into energy. Release ATP.
Contain their own DNA and RNA and ribosomes.
Endosymbiont Hypothesis
is a “plausible” explanation of how mitochondria have become parts of cells.
The Nucleus:
surrounded by two highly porous (Nuclear Pores where the two membranes fuse together) lipid membranes (Nuclear membrane) that regulate trade into the nucleus.
The Nucleus contains:
Contains chromosomes, nuclear pores, nucleoplasm, Chromatin, and nucleolus (nucleoli).
Chromatin:
The clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus
Plant Cells have… that other cells don’t have…
Chloroplasts, Central Vacuole, Cell Walls
Cell Walls:
made of Cellulose and lignin, it allows the cells to be put under the high turgor pressure that occurs when osmosis occurs
In plant cells, osmosis occurs inside…
Central Vacuole’s TONOPLAST membrane allowing plants to have rigidity.
Choroplasts
Where Chlorophyll is stored and Photosynthesis occurs, specifically in the disk-like plates (Grana) in the body (Stroma) of the chloroplast.
The Nucleolus
a rounded area within the nucleus where RNA and Ribosomes are made
Contractile Vacuoles
Pump water out of animal cells
Mitochondria have a double membrane, the internal of which is where its respiration reaction occurs. What is it called?
Cristae
