Cell Structure

Question 1

Cell Membrane

Answer 1

Semipermeable membrane that separates cells from outside world and regulates trade into a cell

Question 2

Microvilli and Cilia

Answer 2

protrusions from a cell membrane used to absorb nutrients

Question 3

Cytoskeleton

Answer 3

provides support to a cell. Includes Microfilaments, Microtubules (which are found at bases of cilia), and Intermediate Filaments

Question 4

Centrioles:

Answer 4

Can form Basal Bodies but primarily are for the formation of structural skeleton around which cells split during mitosis and meiosis.

Question 5

Basal Bodies…

Answer 5

Are structurally similar to centrioles but their function is to anchor and aid in the movement of flagella or cilia.

Question 6

Ribosomes

Answer 6

non-membrane bounded organelle where protein synthesis occurs

Question 7

Attached Ribosomes

Answer 7

are destined for use within membrane-bounded organelle

Question 8

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER

Answer 8

Delivers lipids and proteins to cerain places in cytoplasm. RER is also instrumental to protein synthesis. Lipids, hormones, and steroids are made in SER.

Question 9

Golgi Apparatus:

Answer 9

Mailing service for proteins

Question 10

Secretory vesicles:

Answer 10

Packates of stuff made by ER or Golgi Bodies for Exocytosis (excrusion from the cell)

Question 11

Endocytic Vesicles:

Answer 11

Packages of stuff made by pinocytosis (endocytosis) (intrusion into the cell)

Question 12

Leucoplasts:

Answer 12

Organelles that store starches or oils

Question 13

Lysosomes

Answer 13

contain digestive enzymes

Question 14

Mitochondria:

Answer 14

where nutrients are converted into energy. Release ATP.

Contain their own DNA and RNA and ribosomes.

Question 15

Endosymbiont Hypothesis

Answer 15

is a “plausible” explanation of how mitochondria have become parts of cells.

Question 16

The Nucleus:

Answer 16

surrounded by two highly porous (Nuclear Pores where the two membranes fuse together) lipid membranes (Nuclear membrane) that regulate trade into the nucleus.

Question 17

The Nucleus contains:

Answer 17

Contains chromosomes, nuclear pores, nucleoplasm, Chromatin, and nucleolus (nucleoli).

Question 18

Chromatin:

Answer 18

The clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus

Question 19

Plant Cells have… that other cells don’t have…

Answer 19

Chloroplasts, Central Vacuole, Cell Walls

Question 20

Cell Walls:

Answer 20

made of Cellulose and lignin, it allows the cells to be put under the high turgor pressure that occurs when osmosis occurs

Question 21

In plant cells, osmosis occurs inside…

Answer 21

Central Vacuole’s TONOPLAST membrane allowing plants to have rigidity.

Question 22

Choroplasts

Answer 22

Where Chlorophyll is stored and Photosynthesis occurs, specifically in the disk-like plates (Grana) in the body (Stroma) of the chloroplast.

Question 23

The Nucleolus

Answer 23

a rounded area within the nucleus where RNA and Ribosomes are made

Question 24

Contractile Vacuoles

Answer 24

Pump water out of animal cells

Question 25

Mitochondria have a double membrane, the internal of which is where its respiration reaction occurs. What is it called?

Answer 25

Cristae