Leaves/Stems/Roots Flashcards
Node:
Where new leaves sprout
Internode:
Space between nodes
Lateral buds:
The beginning of new leaves
Vascular Tissue:
The stuff that makes up STEMS (either xylem or phloem)
Xylem tissue:
long tubular cells which transport water up
Phloem tissue:
Made of stacked cells connected by sieve plates which transport food made in leaves to rest of plant
Sieve Plates:
Allow nutrients to pass through cells
Leaf:
Primary site of photosynthesis
Petiole:
the thingy that connect leafs to stems
Cuticle (leaf):
waxy substance that covers leafs and maintains their moisture balance
Epidermis (leaf):
secretes waxy cuticle which protects leaf
Mesophyll (leaf):
inner part of leaf
Palisade layer (leaf):
upper section of mesophyll responsible for most of the chlorophyll that occurs on a plant
Vascular Bundles (Leaf):
Makes up veins: Section of the leaf that transports sugars produced in leafs.
Spongy layer (leaf):
Lower layer of mesophyll. Contains large air spaces when allow for passage of gases:
Guard cells:
open and close stomata
Stomata:
Allow moisture and gases to pass in and out of leaf
Roots:
Provide water and needed nutrients to the plant
Lateral roots:
Extend horizontally
Primary Roots:
extend downward
Root Cap:
Composed of dead, thick-walled cells that protect the tip of the roots as it burrows deeper
Meristematic Region: (roots)
Just above root cap. Has undifferentiated cells that carry out mitosis and grow to form the ELONGATION REGION
Elongation Region: (roots)
Just above the MERistematic region. Has cells that differentiate which grow and form large vacuoles
Maturation Region
Just above Elongation Region. Where cells differentiate more to form various root tissues
Primary root tissue
Different types of root tissues found in Maturation Region of roots (root hairs, Epidermis)
Root hairs:
reach between soil particles to retrieve water and minerals
Epidermis: (roots)
One cell layer thick membrane which seres to protect the root and absorb nutrients
Cortex: (roots)
Just inside of Epidermis. Made of large PARENCHYMA CELLS.
Parenchyma Cells
Thin-walled cells loosely packed to allow for flow of gases and minerals
Endodermis
Tightly connected cells that act as filters
Vascular Cylinder
center of the root including xylem and phloem
cohesion
Hydrogen bonding in water in xylem
Cohesion-tension process
The way in which water is transported up in the xylem
Transpiration
Evaporation of water in plants
Food molecules are transported to phloem tissue through…
Active transport
The pressure created by the water-sugar solution in phloem because osmosis has occurred…
the solution to be pushed through sieve plates to all areas of the plant
