Metabolism (Transport/Enzymes/ATP) Flashcards
Three types of transport across plasma membranes…
Passive transport. Facilitated diffusion. Active transport.
Passive transport
Diffusion, osmosis.
Hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions.
Hypotonic- more solutes outside
Hypertonic - more solutes inside
Isotonic - even amount of solutes inside and out
Facilitated diffusion
Specialized proteins embedded in membrane permit passage of substances of a particular snap and size without using energy.
Active transport
Requires ATP to change the shape and size of embedded proteins in order to all passage.
Plasma membranes are made out of…
Phospholipids, proteins, Cholesterol carbohydrates
Enzyme’s purpose:
Lower activation energy in chemical reactions. (Act as catalysts)
Enzymes end with the letters:
Ase
Each enzyme has a uniquely shaped surface called:
Active site
Each enzyme connects to a particular substance called a:
Substrate
When a substrate is in an active site the combination of the two is:
The Enzyme Substrate Complex
Enzymes can link two substances together or…
Break them apart
Some enzymatic reactions require a non-protein substance called a… They allow a substrate to fit in the active site
Cofactor I.e. ATP
Organic cofactors are called…
Coenzymes I. E. Vitamins
… Facilitate the enzyme’s reactions but are bound to the enzyme
Prosthetic Group
Attaches to an enzyme’s active site before the proper substrate can.
Inhibitor
Inhibitors can act as…by…
Regulators i. e. By changing the structure of the enzyme and making it more or less effective
Regulation may occur when…
The product of the reaction is also an inhibitor to the reaction
Organisms that harvest solar energy and transform it into chemical energy are called…
Primary producers
Consumers eat…
Primary producers
Cellular Metabolism is…
A general term that includes all types of energy transformation Processes.
Anabolism is…
The process by which cells bull molecules and store energy
Catabolism is…
The process of breaking down molecules and releasing stored energy
Released energy Is transformed into…
ATP (adenosine Triphosphate)
ATP is used to…
Release energy gradually in steps
ATP consists of…
A nitrogenous base (adenine), a simple sugar (ribose), and three phosphate groups.
Endocytodis is… And exocytosis is…
Endocytodis is a method by which larger molecules can pass into a cell.
Exocytosis is the opposite
If there is a limited amount of enzymes in a reaction with an unlimited supply of substrates, what is likely to happen?
The rate of the reaction increases, then levels off as all enzyme is engaged
