Mioses/Mitoses Flashcards
Meiosis
: the process of producing four daughter cells, each with single unduplicated chromosomes.
Haploid:
Cells that haveChromosomes that are not paired up with similar Chromosomes
Diploid
: Cells that have normal sets of paired Chromosomes
Gametes
4 haploid cells
Meiosis 1 (Reduction) ends with…
Two haploid cells
Meiosis 2 (Division) ends with…
4 HAPOID cells with not duplicate Chromosomes
Order of meiosis and mitosis stages:
: PMAT!!
Prophase 1 (after chromosome replication):
Homologous chromosomes form TETRAD at SYNAPSE, CROSSING OVER occurs, then Nuclear Membrane dissolves, spindle fibers form and attach beginning to move chromosomes
Metaphase 1:
Homologous pairs line up on equator plane and randomly sort.
Anaphase 1:
(Simple Pull apart) Separation of one of each chromosome pair to separate ends of cell
Telophase 1:
(Nuclear Membrane forms sometimes) Chromatin does not form. Spindles disappear Plasma membrane forms two 2 haploid cells. (Cytokinesis is not apart of telophase 2)
Prophase 2:
Nuclear Membrane dissolves (if had formed), spindle fibers form again beginning to move chromosomes
Metaphase 2:
Chromosomes line up on equatorial plane
Anaphase 2:
(Simple Pull Apart) Centromere divides and microtubules pull duplicates from originals to opposite ends of cell
Telophase 2:
Nuclear membrane forms, chromatin forms, spindles disappear then cytokinesis… 4 cells separate, chromatin reforms
Mitosis
The replication of diploid cell
Prophase
Nuclear Membrane dissolves (if had formed), spindle fibers form again beginning to move chromosomes
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up on equatorial plane
Anaphase
(Simple Pull Apart) Centromere divides and microtubules pull duplicates from originals to opposite ends of cell
Telophase
Nuclear membrane forms, chromatin forms, spindles disappear then cytokinesis
Plant Cytokinesis:
In plants Cell plate forms and divides the cell in two.
Ploidy
The HAPLOID or DIPLOID level of a cell
Animal Cytokinesis
In Animals Protein ACTIN surrounds the center of the cell and contracts squeezing the cell into 2 as the cell nuclei push on the opposite sides of the cell and elongate it.