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PJ's Biology > New Cards > Flashcards

New Cards Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Hormones

A

Chemicals produced in the endocrine glands which travel through the circulatory system to specific targeted organs where they modify protein synthesis.

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2
Q

A hormone is manufactured in response to a particular…

A

Stimulus

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3
Q

Steroids can be…

A

Hormones

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4
Q

Hormones are made in

A

Endocrine glands

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5
Q

After being made, hormones are passed through the…

A

Bloodstream

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6
Q

Hormones pass into the cytoplasm of cells where they then combine with a…

A

Protein known as a receptor

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7
Q

Hormone-receptor complex

A

Hormone once its combined with a protein receptor

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8
Q

Hormone-receptro complexes enter the nucleus and binds to a….

A

DNA molecule causing a gene to be transcribed so as to start the process of a particular protein synthesis

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9
Q

Hormone’s entire reason is to…

A

create homeostasis in response to a stimulus.

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10
Q

Mobile receptor mechanism

A

The process by which a hormone binds with a protein receptor and then enters the nucleus of a cell and causes the creation of a protein to create homeostasis

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11
Q

Second process of hormonal control

A

A hormone binds with a receptor on the membrane of a cell which is their when the cell is in a particular condition causing the receptor to change its form and triggering a chain of events within the cytoplasm resulting in the production or destruction of proteins.

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12
Q

In sex linked traits…

A

More males develop the trait because males have only one X chromosome

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13
Q

Polygenic traits

A

Traits produced from interaction of multiple sets of genes

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14
Q

Darwinian concept of Natural Selection

A

Once carrying capacity is reached, competition ensues. Some competitors will fail to survive. Within every population there is variation among traits. Only the surviving competitors reproduce successfully generation after generation.

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15
Q

Life History Strategies

A

The characteristics that differentiate organisms from each other based on at what point in time during a ecosystem are certain organisms better at thriving. I.E, is it while the ecosystem is maturing or while it is dying?

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16
Q

Opportunistic life history strategy (R-Selected) (dandelions)

A

Pioneer species in a new or recently devastated community

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17
Q

Equilateral life strategies (K-Selected)

A

The organisms that overtake opportunistic pioneer species

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18
Q

Altruism

A

Social behavior where organisms seem to place the needs of the community over their own needs

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19
Q

Kin Selection

A

The tendency of an individual to be altruistic toward a close relative. This trait could be passed from gen to gen in natural selection

20
Q

Chaparral (Biome)

A

Hot summer, Temperate winter, Low rainfall in summer and high in winter. trees, shrubs, small animals, prolonged summer

21
Q

Tundra

A

Extreme cold, low rainfall, Modified grassland, permafrost, short growing season with some plants and animals

22
Q

Taiga

A

Cold, moderate snowfall, Snow most of year, thick pine tree forest, wide variety of animal life

23
Q

Liver

A

Releases enzymes (bile) into small intestine

24
Q

Kidneys

A

Where metabolic wastes purified from blood and sent as urine

25
Q

Pancreas produces…

A

Hormone Insulin which regulates amount of glucose in blood

26
Q

Spleen

A

Filters larger volumes of lymph than nodes can handle

27
Q

Thymus

A

Lymph tissue which is only active through teen years, fighting infection and producing T cells

28
Q

Cell theory

A
  1. All living things are made up of one or more cells
  2. Cells are the basic units of life
  3. All cells come from pre-existing cells
29
Q

Cell theory was developed by

A

Matthias Schlieden and Theodor Schwann

30
Q

Stem Cortex cells

A

Dead at functional maturity. Skin of plant cells

31
Q

Dicots

A

Oaks, flowers vegetables, two cotyledons, leaves have branched or networked veins, vascular bundles are arranged in rings, taproot system with smalls secondary roots, flowers with petals in multiples of four or five

32
Q

Monocots

A

Grasses, lilies, palm trees, one cotyledon, leaves have parallel veins, stems have random arrangement of vascular bundles, fibrous roots, flowers with petals in multiples of three

33
Q

Mesophyll

A

Inner tissue of a leaf containing many chloroplasts. produces CO2 at night

34
Q

Anaerobic Respiration releases…

A

CO2

35
Q

Interphases

A

G1, S, G2

36
Q

G1 Phases

A

Metabolism and protein synthesis are occurring at a high rate and most of the cell growth occurs (organelles, etc)

37
Q

S Phase

A

Cell begins to prepare for cell division by replicating DNA and proteins necessary to form a new set of chromosomes

38
Q

G2 phase

A

More proteins are produced and Centrioles are replicated as well

39
Q

Centrioles

A

Organelles that Create spindles

40
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Releases hormones (ADH) which are made in the hypothalamus which stimulate the kidney to absorb excess water in cells.

41
Q

Pancreas looks like a

A

Small looking liver

42
Q

Adrenal Glands are on

A

Kidneys

43
Q

Adrenal Glands produce

A

Adrenaline which rises blood pressure, metabolism, breathing, and prepares muscles for exertion

44
Q

Adrenal Glands also produce

A

Hormone aldosterone

45
Q

Hormone Aldosterone

A

Promote sodium reabsorption by the kidney

46
Q

Bile

A

A digestive enzyme that comes from broken down pigments and chemicals (sometimes pollutants)

47
Q

Gall bladder

A

Is where Bile is stored

PJ's Biology (19 decks)

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