New Cards Flashcards
Hormones
Chemicals produced in the endocrine glands which travel through the circulatory system to specific targeted organs where they modify protein synthesis.
A hormone is manufactured in response to a particular…
Stimulus
Steroids can be…
Hormones
Hormones are made in
Endocrine glands
After being made, hormones are passed through the…
Bloodstream
Hormones pass into the cytoplasm of cells where they then combine with a…
Protein known as a receptor
Hormone-receptor complex
Hormone once its combined with a protein receptor
Hormone-receptro complexes enter the nucleus and binds to a….
DNA molecule causing a gene to be transcribed so as to start the process of a particular protein synthesis
Hormone’s entire reason is to…
create homeostasis in response to a stimulus.
Mobile receptor mechanism
The process by which a hormone binds with a protein receptor and then enters the nucleus of a cell and causes the creation of a protein to create homeostasis
Second process of hormonal control
A hormone binds with a receptor on the membrane of a cell which is their when the cell is in a particular condition causing the receptor to change its form and triggering a chain of events within the cytoplasm resulting in the production or destruction of proteins.
In sex linked traits…
More males develop the trait because males have only one X chromosome
Polygenic traits
Traits produced from interaction of multiple sets of genes
Darwinian concept of Natural Selection
Once carrying capacity is reached, competition ensues. Some competitors will fail to survive. Within every population there is variation among traits. Only the surviving competitors reproduce successfully generation after generation.
Life History Strategies
The characteristics that differentiate organisms from each other based on at what point in time during a ecosystem are certain organisms better at thriving. I.E, is it while the ecosystem is maturing or while it is dying?
Opportunistic life history strategy (R-Selected) (dandelions)
Pioneer species in a new or recently devastated community
Equilateral life strategies (K-Selected)
The organisms that overtake opportunistic pioneer species
Altruism
Social behavior where organisms seem to place the needs of the community over their own needs
Kin Selection
The tendency of an individual to be altruistic toward a close relative. This trait could be passed from gen to gen in natural selection
Chaparral (Biome)
Hot summer, Temperate winter, Low rainfall in summer and high in winter. trees, shrubs, small animals, prolonged summer
Tundra
Extreme cold, low rainfall, Modified grassland, permafrost, short growing season with some plants and animals
Taiga
Cold, moderate snowfall, Snow most of year, thick pine tree forest, wide variety of animal life
Liver
Releases enzymes (bile) into small intestine
Kidneys
Where metabolic wastes purified from blood and sent as urine
Pancreas produces…
Hormone Insulin which regulates amount of glucose in blood
Spleen
Filters larger volumes of lymph than nodes can handle
Thymus
Lymph tissue which is only active through teen years, fighting infection and producing T cells
Cell theory
- All living things are made up of one or more cells
- Cells are the basic units of life
- All cells come from pre-existing cells
Cell theory was developed by
Matthias Schlieden and Theodor Schwann
Stem Cortex cells
Dead at functional maturity. Skin of plant cells
Dicots
Oaks, flowers vegetables, two cotyledons, leaves have branched or networked veins, vascular bundles are arranged in rings, taproot system with smalls secondary roots, flowers with petals in multiples of four or five
Monocots
Grasses, lilies, palm trees, one cotyledon, leaves have parallel veins, stems have random arrangement of vascular bundles, fibrous roots, flowers with petals in multiples of three
Mesophyll
Inner tissue of a leaf containing many chloroplasts. produces CO2 at night
Anaerobic Respiration releases…
CO2
Interphases
G1, S, G2
G1 Phases
Metabolism and protein synthesis are occurring at a high rate and most of the cell growth occurs (organelles, etc)
S Phase
Cell begins to prepare for cell division by replicating DNA and proteins necessary to form a new set of chromosomes
G2 phase
More proteins are produced and Centrioles are replicated as well
Centrioles
Organelles that Create spindles
Pituitary gland
Releases hormones (ADH) which are made in the hypothalamus which stimulate the kidney to absorb excess water in cells.
Pancreas looks like a
Small looking liver
Adrenal Glands are on
Kidneys
Adrenal Glands produce
Adrenaline which rises blood pressure, metabolism, breathing, and prepares muscles for exertion
Adrenal Glands also produce
Hormone aldosterone
Hormone Aldosterone
Promote sodium reabsorption by the kidney
Bile
A digestive enzyme that comes from broken down pigments and chemicals (sometimes pollutants)
Gall bladder
Is where Bile is stored
