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PJ's Biology > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

DNA consists of…

A

Nucleotides: Deoxyribose (sugar with 5 carbons), Phosphate group, and two Nitrogenous Bases (Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine) bonded together by a Hydrogen Bond. GC stick together and At stick together.

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2
Q

The sugar in DNA is…

A

Deoxyribose

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3
Q

The sugar in RNA is…

A

Ribose

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4
Q

Watson-Crick model is…

A

Double-Helix

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5
Q

In RNA…

A

Thymine is replaced with Uracil

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6
Q

Protein Sythisis has two steps:

A

Transcription and Translation

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7
Q

In Transcription:

A

DNA unwinds to allow mRNA to line up a complimenting copy of the DNA.

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8
Q

In Translation…

A

mRNA is brought to ribosomes where tRNA is waiting with its Anticodons. tRNA’s anticodons attach to the Codons on the mRNA in a certain order forming peptide bonds between amino acids which string together to make proteins.

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9
Q

Genome:

A

The sum total of genetic information

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10
Q

Gene:

A

A length of DNA that encodes a particular protein

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11
Q

The function of one protein, or the function of a group of proteins:

A

Trait

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12
Q

Post-Transcriptional processing

A

Prepares the mRNA for protein synthesis by removing the non-coding sequences

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13
Q

Codons

A

Each unit of three nucleotides in mRNA

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14
Q

Anticodons

A

Each unit of three nucleotides in tRNA

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15
Q

tRNA is a chain of about how many nucleotides?

A

80

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16
Q

Ribosomes are a structure of

A

proteins and rRNA

17
Q

Regulatory genes

A

regulate when other genes start or stop encoding proteins, which in turn produce specific traits.

18
Q

Structural genes

A

code proteins that form organs and structural characteristics

19
Q

DNA Unwinding in DNA Replication is aided by the Enzyme…

A

Helicase

20
Q

DNA Unwinding in DNA Replication so that both strands can be replicated is aided by the Enzyme…

A

Helicase

21
Q

The Enzyme (BLANK) moves along an unwounded strand in DNA Replication and aids in the collection of nucleotides which are complementary to the parent strand:

A

DNA polymerase

22
Q

Mutation can occur in the DNA Replication process by:

A

Random error, exposure to certain chemicals, or exposure to radiation. (yeah, like in godzilla)

23
Q

The genetic makeup of bacteria can be change through one of two processes:

A

Transduction and Transformation

24
Q

Transformation:

A

The transfer of a DNA segment from a non-fuctional donor cell to bacteria

25
Q

Transduction:

A

A transfer of genetic material to bacteria that is conducted by a virus that invades that bacteria (bacteriophage).

PJ's Biology (19 decks)

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