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Health and Social Care - A+P > Respiratory - Lungs > Flashcards

Respiratory - Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

What waste product leaves the lungs?

A

Carbon dioxide

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2
Q

What gas enters the lungs?

A

Oxygen

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3
Q

What is the structure of the larynx?

A

Tube like structures at top of trachea

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4
Q

What is the function of the larynx?

A

Voice box - produce speech and sound

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5
Q

What is the structure of the trachea?

A

Hollow c-shaped sure - allows oesophagus to stretch when swallowing
Strong and stretchy cartilage

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6
Q

What is the function of the trachea?

A

Where air travels down into the lungs?

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7
Q

What is the structure of the bronchi?

A

2 bronchi = 1 bronchus

Lead in from trachea through two branches to left and right lungs

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8
Q

What is the function of the bronchi?

A

Cartilage that connects the trachea to bronchioles

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9
Q

What is the structure of bronchioles?

A

Small branches off of bronchi

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10
Q

What is the function of the bronchioles?

A

Carry air to alveoli

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11
Q

What is the structure of the diaphragm?

A

Dome shaped muscle

Flattens during inspiration

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12
Q

What is the function of the diaphragm?

A

It moves down so lungs can inflate

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13
Q

What is the structure of the intercostal muscles?

A

Muscles in between the ribs

External and internal

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14
Q

What is the function of the intercostal muscles?

A

Contract which pulls the lungs so they can inflate

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15
Q

What is the structure of the pleural membranes?

A

2 layers of thin membrane protecting lung

Pleural fluid in pleural cavity

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16
Q

What is the function of the pleural membranes?

A

Protect the lungs and stops friction - connected to intercostal muscles which contract to pull and inflate lung

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17
Q

What is inspiration?

A

Breathing in

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18
Q

What is expiration?

A

Breathing out

19
Q

What does the pleural fluid in lungs do?

A

Lubricates the surface so layers slide over each other and prevents friction

20
Q

What happens during inspiration?

A

Medulla oblongata sends signals to external intercostal muscles and diaphragm to contract
Rib cage swings up and out
Diaphragm flattens
Pleural membranes pull lung as attached to rib cage
Increases volume in lungs
Decreases air pressure within lungs
Air rushes into lungs

21
Q

What happens during expiration?

A

Medulla oblongata stops sending signals to intercostal muscles and diaphragm - goes back to dome shape + muscles pull rib cage in and down
Decrease volume in lungs - air pressure in lungs is greater
Forces co2 out of lungs - deflate

22
Q

What are alveoli?

A

Tiny sacs and end of bronchioles where gaseous exchange takes place

23
Q

What is gaseous exchange?

A

Oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide is removed from it

24
Q

Why are alveoli walls thin?

A

One cell thick to make minimal distance for gases to pass through

25
Q

Why are alveoli walls moist?

A

Gases dissolve in moisture to help them pass across the gas exchange surface

26
Q

Why are there lots of alveoli?

A

Increases surface area and capillaries can surround them and more gaseous exchange takes place

27
Q

What is a diffusion gradient?

A

Where one area has a higher concentration or a substance than another

28
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine Triphospahe

29
Q

How many phosphates does ATP have?

A

3

30
Q

What happens when the chemical bond that holds the 3rd phosphate in ATP is broken?

A

Releases energy

31
Q

What can ATP be converted into?

A

ADP

32
Q

What does cellular respiration break?

A

Glucose

33
Q

Where does aerobic respiration take place?

A

Mitochondria

34
Q

What is ATP?

A

A high energy molecule found in every cell that stores and supplies cell with energy it needs

35
Q

How is ATP formed?

A

ADP combines with the energy released when we break down glucose, ATP then broken down to ADP which releases energy

36
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

The process of releasing energy through the oxidation of glucose molecules

37
Q

What does a mitochondria look like?

A

Has a highly folded membrane to increase surface area

38
Q

When does anaerobic respiration take place?

A

When there is no oxygen - strenuous exercise

39
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

Aerobic respiration

40
Q

How much ATP does it release?

A

2

41
Q

What does glucose get converted into during anaerobic respiration?

A

Lactic acid and energy

42
Q

What happens to glucose during anaerobic respiration?

A

Partially broken down

43
Q

What needs to happen to lactic acid?

A

Needs to be oxidised

Health and Social Care - A+P (26 decks)

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