Cardiovascular - Blood

Question 1

What is an erythrocyte?

Answer 1

A red blood cell

Question 2

What do erythrocytes do?

Answer 2

Transport oxygen around the body

Question 3

What shape are erythrocytes?

Answer 3

Biconcave - increases surface area

Question 4

Why do erythrocytes not have a nucleus?

Answer 4

More space for haemoglobin

Question 5

What is a lymphocyte?

Answer 5

A type of white blood cell - T-cells and B-cells

Question 6

What do lymphocytes do?

Answer 6

Part of the immune system - fight infection

Question 7

What are T-cells?

Answer 7

Produce antibodies to fight antigens

Question 8

What are B-cells?

Answer 8

Destroy body’s infected cells

Question 9

Do lymphocytes have a large or small nucleus?

Answer 9

Large

Question 10

What are neutrophils?

Answer 10

A type of white blood cell

Question 11

What type of nucleus do neutrophils have?

Answer 11

Multi-lobed

Question 12

What is the most common type of WBC

Answer 12

Neutrophils

Question 13

Which 2 WBC’s do phagocytosis?

Answer 13

Neutrophils and monocytes

Question 14

Which is the largest WBC?

Answer 14

Monocytes

Question 15

Which WBC has a di-shaped nucleus?

Answer 15

Monocytes

Question 16

Where are monocytes formed?

Answer 16

Bone marrow

Question 17

What are platelets?

Answer 17

Fragments of larger cells

Question 18

What shape is a platelet?

Answer 18

Disc-shaped

Question 19

What do platelets do?

Answer 19

Helps blood clot and wounds heal

Question 20

What is plasma?

Answer 20

A clear/yellow liquid that carries undissolved substances

Question 21

What protein does plasma carry?

Answer 21

Fibrinogen

Question 22

What does plasma regulate?

Answer 22

Body temperature

Question 23

What is the main function of blood?

Answer 23

Transport elements around body

Question 24

What does blood transport?

Answer 24

Fats - substances that cannot disolve in water - carried by lipoproteins
Gases - oxygen and CO2
Hormones

Question 25

What are fats in blood transported for?

Answer 25

Energy and storage

Question 26

What proteins are fats transported with?

Answer 26

Lipoproteins

Question 27

What do LDL’s do?

Answer 27

Deposit fat and cholesterol in arteries

Question 28

What do HDL’s do?

Answer 28

Prevent or reverse deposits left by LDL’s

Question 29

What gases does blood carry?

Answer 29

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 30

What hormones does blood carry?

Answer 30

Adrenaline and insulin

Question 31

Why do hormones travel in the blood?

Answer 31

To reach target organs/cells where they trigger a response

Question 32

What happens to enzymes when it gets too hot?

Answer 32

They denature

Question 33

What does the body do when it gets too hot?

Answer 33

Vasodialation - arteries widen and go up, heat goes from blood to sweat which evaporates

Question 34

What does the body do when it gets too cold?

Answer 34

Vasoconstriction - arteries narrow and go down to organs, goosebumps and hairs stand up - trap air

Question 35

How does blood prevent infection?

Answer 35

• Neutrophils and B-cells recognise pathogens which act as antigens
• Form antibodies and lock onto pathogens - targets for monocytes - kill and break down

Question 36

What do special lymphocytes remember?

Answer 36

Particular pathogens which respond quickly if pathogens come back

Question 37

Why are viruses different to other pathogens?

Answer 37

They need to hijack cells to survive and reproduce - T-cells recognise it and latch onto cell to destroy virus

Question 38

What happens when skin is exposed to air or foreign material?

Answer 38

Platelets (fragments from bone marrow) activate a chain reaction called coagulation

Question 39

What happens during coagulation?

Answer 39

Converts soluble blood protein fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin

Question 40

What does fibrin do?

Answer 40

Forms a net-like structure trapping platelets and RBC’s to form clot