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Health and Social Care - A+P > Digestive - Digestion > Flashcards

Digestive - Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the buccal cavity?

A

Food is chewed and broken down

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2
Q

What is the function of the salivary glands?

A

Produces saliva that moistens food making it easier to swallow

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3
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis?

A

Flap of cartilage covering trachea when swallowing

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4
Q

What is the function of the oesophagus?

A

Muscular tube that connects throat and stomach

Peristalsis - squeezing action by muscles that helps food move downwards to stomach

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5
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

Sac with muscular walls - churn food to break up

Produce hydrochloric acid and enzymes to break food

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6
Q

What is the function of the small intestine (duodenum)?

A

Chyme (partially digested food from stomach) is chemically altered by fluids from liver and bile
Lined with villi - finger like projections in intestinal wall - increase surface area to help absorption of nutrients into blood

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7
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

Reabsorbs fluids and processes waste products to be eliminated from body

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8
Q

What is the function of the rectum?

A

Last part of colon that links to anus - stores faeces

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9
Q

What is the function of the anus?

A

Where faeces leaves body - anal sphincter muscle controls opening and closing

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10
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A 
Processes and eliminates toxins
Processes and eliminates metabolic waste
Stores glucose, vitamins and minerals
Produces many kinds of proteins
Produces bile
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11
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

Small pouch under liver - stores bile produced by liver

Empties after meal and refills

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12
Q

What is the function of the bile duct?

A

Small tube-like structure

Role to carry bile from gallbladder to duodenum

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13
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

6-inch long gland that secretes insulin and glucagon that regulate glucose - blood sugar levels

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14
Q

What is the function of the pancreatic duct?

A

Carries enzymes from pancreas to small intestine

Before opening into SI, the duct unites with the bile duct that delivers bile from liver to gallbladder

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15
Q

How does food move down the oesophagus?

A

Peristalsis - squeezing action by muscles that helps food move downwards to stomach

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16
Q

What are the two types of digestion?

A

Mechanical and chemical

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17
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

Food physically broken up into smaller pieces

18
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

Enzymes act on small pieces of food to allow chemical reaction to take place - large macro nutrients broken into smaller molecules to be absorbed

19
Q

Where does mechanical digestion take place?

A

Mouth - chew food
Stomach - churns food - produces chyme - provides digestive enzymes with easier access to nutrients - increases surface area for them

20
Q

Where does chemical digestion take place?

A

Small intestine - macronutrients too big to pass into bloodstream so broken down by hydrolysis - breaks chemical bond - carried out by specific enzymes

21
Q

Where is salivary amylase produced?

A

Salivary glands

22
Q

What does salivary amylase break down?

A

Carbs

23
Q

What is produced by salivary amylase?

A

Maltose

24
Q

Where does salivary amylase act?

A

Mouth

25
Q

Where is pepsin produced?

A

Stomach

26
Q

What does pepsin break down?

A

Proteins

27
Q

What is produced by pepsin?

A

Polypeptides

28
Q

Where does pepsin act?

A

Duodenum

29
Q

Where is lipase produced?

A

Pancreas

30
Q

What does lipase break down?

A

Lipids

31
Q

What is produced by lipase?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

32
Q

Where does lipase act?

A

Duodenum

33
Q

What are the stages of chemical digestion?

A

1) Amylase in saliva breaks down carbs into maltose
2) Hydrochloric acid in stomach activates pepsin + stops amylase working - food + HCl = chyme
3) Chyme leaves stomach - low pH - alkaline salts added to bile (also found in pancreatic juices)
4) Bile added to chyme + then pancreatic juices added
5) By time chyme arrives to SI - nutrients are in form that can be absorbed
6) Digestive enzymes break down any molecules left in SI to be absorbed

34
Q

What is the role of the pancreas?

A

Pancreas produces pancreatic juices - delivered to duodenum

Pancreatic juices contain enzymes that break down macro-nutrients and digest fats

35
Q

What is the role of the liver?

A

Liver produces bile that emulsifies fats and neutralises stomach acid/ chyme

36
Q

What is the role of bile?

A

Fats and water don’t mix - lots of water in SI so salts in bile act as detergent - breaks up fats into tiny globules (miscelles) that form an emulsion
This gives fat globules a large surface area making it easier for enzymes to reach fat molecules

37
Q

What is absorption in small intestine?

A

Nutrients extracted from food are absorbed into bloodstream
The walls have adaptations so they can carry out function
Sugars, amino acids, minerals and water soluble vitamins enter blood via diffusion

38
Q

What are the adaptations to the villi?

A

Large surface area - micro-villi - finger like extensions of cell membrane that increase surface area
Large network of capillaries - reduces distance nutrients have to travel to get to blood
Lacteal - lymphatic vessels which transport products of fat absorption

39
Q

What is assimilation?

A

The movement of digested food molecules into cells of the body where they are used, so they become part of cells

40
Q

How does assimilation happen in liver?

A

Any excess glucose is absorbed ant transported to liver
Converted to glucogen
Glucose can also be used by liver in respiration

Health and Social Care - A+P (26 decks)

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