Endocrine Flashcards
What hormone does the adrenal gland produce?
Adrenaline
What hormones do the pancreas produce?
Insulin and glucagon
What hormones does the thyroid produce?
Thyroxine and calcitonin
What hormones does the pituitary produce?
ADH Somatotrophin FSH LH Oxytocin
What hormone does the testes produce?
Testosterone
What hormone does the ovaries produce?
Oestrogen
What is the role of adrenaline?
Fight or flight response - breathing and heart rate increases
What is the role of insulin?
Lowers blood sugar
What is the role of glucagon?
Rasies blood sugar
What is the role of thyroxine?
Regulates metabolism
What is the role of calcitonin?
Lowers blood calcium levels
What is the role of ADH
Regulation of water levels
What is the role of somatotropin?
Regulates secretion of hormones in body
What is the role of LH?
Stimulates ovaries to produce egg
What is the role of FSH?
Triggers ovulation
What is the role of oxytocin?
Lactation - production of breast milk
What is the role of oestrogen?
Female sex characteristics
What is the role of testosterone?
Male sex characteristics
What is deamination?
Liver cells remove excess amino acids = releases ammonia - converted to urea and travels in blood to kidneys to be filtered out of blood and exit body
What is detoxification?
Breakdown of toxins - alcohol and drugs
How is bile produced?
Liver cells break down and recycle red blood cells
Haemoglobin recycled - biliverdin + bilirubin
Passes out into bile + out of body
What is the function of the cortex in kidney?
Outer layer of kidney
What is the function of the medulla in kidney?
Inner region where 1000s of nephrons are located
What is the function of the renal artery in kidney?
Supplied kidney with blood
What is the function of the renal vein in kidney?
Carries filtered blood
What is the function of the calyx in kidney?
Chambers where urine passes
What is the function of the ureters?
Tubes carrying urine to bladder
What is the function of the bladder?
Stores urine
What is the function of the urethra?
Where urine passes out
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of a constant internal environment
What does homeostasis control?
Concentration of CO2 in blood
Body temperature
Blood sugar levels
Water content
What is negative feedback?
A feedback loop where output of a system reduces activity that causes output
e.g. If levels rise, control system reduces them
What is positive feedback?
Push levels out of normal range e.g. blood platelets accumulate and form blood clots
What happens when we get too hot?
Vasodialation (blood vessels rise to surface) + sweating (heat goes into sweat + evaporated)
What happens when we get too cold?
Vasoconstriction (blood vessels lower to conserve heat) + hairs rise + trap air + shivering produces heat
What are the islets of langerhans?
Within the pancreas and cells that produce pancreatic juices there are special groups of cells called islets of langerhans which contain insulin and glucagon - release them
