CNS - MS Flashcards

1
Q

What is MS?

A

MS can affect the brain and spinal cord causing wide range of symptoms
The myelin sheath is attacked by autoimmune response - interferes with nerve impulses and damages nerve cells

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2
Q

What is the biological explanation of MS?

A
Autoimmune disease that attacks myelin sheath in brain and spinal cord - inflamed and disrupts messages
Causes sclera (scarring) - eventually lead to permanent damage to underlying nerve
Signals don't reach next nerves so movement and cognitive ability is restricted
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3
Q

What are the causes of MS?

A

Genetics - 2-3% chance of being passed on
Low vitamin D levels - essential for immune system
Viral infections - Epstein-Barr virus (glandular fever) - triggers immune system
Smoking - 2x likely to develop - reduce vitamin D absorption

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4
Q

What are the impacts of MS on life?

A
Eyesight deteriorates
Cognitive problems
Mobility issues
May become bed-bound
Embarrassed to socialise
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5
Q

What are the symptoms of MS?

A
Relapse = flare up of symptoms
Remission = less symptoms
Symptoms worsen over time after each relapse
Fatigue
Difficulty walking
Muscle stiffness / spasms
Problems with balance and coordination
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6
Q

How can MS be monitored?

A

Brain scans - show any damage / scarring on myelin sheath
Blood tests - rule out other conditions
Neurological exams - assess abnormalities/ changes in strength, balance, speech, relexes, coordination etc…

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7
Q

How can MS be treated?

A

Steroids

Physiotherapy

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8
Q

What are the care needs of MS?

A
Specialist MS team + MS nurse
Physiotherapist
OT - wheelchair and other aids
Neurology specialist
Speech and language therapist
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9
Q

What are the benefits of steroids for MS

A

Reduce inflammation of myelin sheath

Speed up recovery time after relapse

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10
Q

What are the cons of steroids for MS

A

Doesn’t prevent relapse
Doesn’t stop MS from worsening
Side effects - hair loss, nausea, increased appetite

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