CNS - MS Flashcards
What is MS?
MS can affect the brain and spinal cord causing wide range of symptoms
The myelin sheath is attacked by autoimmune response - interferes with nerve impulses and damages nerve cells
What is the biological explanation of MS?
Autoimmune disease that attacks myelin sheath in brain and spinal cord - inflamed and disrupts messages Causes sclera (scarring) - eventually lead to permanent damage to underlying nerve Signals don't reach next nerves so movement and cognitive ability is restricted
What are the causes of MS?
Genetics - 2-3% chance of being passed on
Low vitamin D levels - essential for immune system
Viral infections - Epstein-Barr virus (glandular fever) - triggers immune system
Smoking - 2x likely to develop - reduce vitamin D absorption
What are the impacts of MS on life?
Eyesight deteriorates Cognitive problems Mobility issues May become bed-bound Embarrassed to socialise
What are the symptoms of MS?
Relapse = flare up of symptoms Remission = less symptoms Symptoms worsen over time after each relapse Fatigue Difficulty walking Muscle stiffness / spasms Problems with balance and coordination
How can MS be monitored?
Brain scans - show any damage / scarring on myelin sheath
Blood tests - rule out other conditions
Neurological exams - assess abnormalities/ changes in strength, balance, speech, relexes, coordination etc…
How can MS be treated?
Steroids
Physiotherapy
What are the care needs of MS?
Specialist MS team + MS nurse Physiotherapist OT - wheelchair and other aids Neurology specialist Speech and language therapist
What are the benefits of steroids for MS
Reduce inflammation of myelin sheath
Speed up recovery time after relapse
What are the cons of steroids for MS
Doesn’t prevent relapse
Doesn’t stop MS from worsening
Side effects - hair loss, nausea, increased appetite
