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DPD > Respiratory emergencies > Flashcards

Respiratory emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the neural circuits in the medulla

A

Ventral and dorsal respiratory groups

leave spine at level C345

to form phrenic nerve
innervate diaphragm

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2
Q

????????

A

t1-t12 also

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3
Q

What differentiates the two types of respiratory failure?

A

Differentiated by carbon dioxide levels

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4
Q

Assessing acutely unwell patient

A

Airway
Breathing
Circulation

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5
Q

What is type 1 respiratory failure?

A

Type 1 - normal or low co2 partial pressure??

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6
Q

What is type 2 respiratory failure?

A

high co2 as alveolar cannot get air out

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7
Q

D

A

GCS
Glucose
Pupils
Neuro exam

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8
Q

E

A

Abdomen

Signs of overload

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9
Q

On a CXR how would you tell hyperinflammation?

A

More than six anterior ribs

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10
Q

What is asthma?

A

Chronic inflammatory airway disease characterised by reversible airway obstruction

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11
Q

What counts as a moderate asthma attack?

A

Peak flow between 50-75% of their best

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12
Q

Severe asthma

A

PEF between 33-50%
Resp rate above 25
Heart rate above 110
Inability to compete sentences in one breath

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13
Q

What are the key features of severe threatening asthma?

A 
Cyanosis
Hypotension
Exhaustion, normal pCO2
Silent chest
Tachy/brady arrhythmias
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14
Q

What counts as cyanosis?

A

SpO2 <92%

PaO2<8kPa

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15
Q

Treatmet for life threatening asthma

A

Oxygen
Brochodilator
Steroids

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16
Q

If they improve with treatement, what do you do?

A 
TAME the asthma
Techniue 
AVoid triggers
Monitor PEF
Education
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17
Q

What bronchodilators do you give?

A

Salbutamol
Ipratropium
IV magnesium

18
Q

If they don’t improve and you call ITU, what are the next steps?

A

High flow oxygen

Ventilation

19
Q

What does decompensation mean?

A

if ph is normal, it’s compensated

if ph is not compensated

20
Q

?????????

A

Moderate

21
Q

????

A

????????

22
Q

?????????

A

???????

23
Q

????????

A

?????????

24
Q

Wat is the management?

A

Oxygen
Bronchodilators
Steroids
Antibiotics

25
Q

What is NIV

A

non invasive ventilation

26
Q

what is BIPAP

A

Vi level continous positive airway pressure

inspiratory pressure forces air into lungs

expiratory pressure - presure in lungs at the end of expiration

27
Q

When do you have to ventilate with COPD?

A

Respiratory acidosis means you have to ventilate

28
Q

What is PE

A

Venous thrombi that pass into the pulmonary circulation, normally arisingf from DVTs

29
Q

RF for PE

A 
Immobilisation
Malignacy
Recent surgery
HRT/COcP
Smoking
30
Q

Gold standard for PE diagnosis

A

CT Pulmonary angiogram

31
Q

What do you do if someone’s pregnant and can’t do a CTPA?

A

Ventilation/perfusion scan (V/Q scan)

Wells score/geneva score

32
Q

What would you see on an ECG if there was right heart strain due to PE?

A

Deep s waves in lead 1
Deep q waves in lead 2
T wave inversion in lead 3

33
Q

How do you manage PE?

A

See if they’re haemodynamically stable - ABCDE

34
Q

?????

A

If they’re ???

35
Q

???????

A

????????

36
Q

What is PO

A

accumulation of fluid within lung parenchyma, resulting in impaired gaseous exchange

37
Q

Causes of PO

A

Cardiogenic - heart failure, arrhythmias,

38
Q

Management of PO

A

Sit pt upright
Give oxygen if hypoxic
high dose IV diuretics
Treat cuase e.g. BB for arrythmia

39
Q

If pt improves

A

Regular diuretics
Fluid restriction
??????????

40
Q

How do you treat tension pneumothorax with cardiopulmonary compromise?

A

Emergency needle decompression
High flow oxygen
chest drain

41
Q

?????????

A

ha1510@ic.a.cuk

DPD (38 decks)

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