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DPD > ENT - Throat > Flashcards

ENT - Throat Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy of neck form top to bottom

A

Hyoid bone
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Thyroid gland

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2
Q

What are you looking for on inspection

A

Changes to voice
Scars
Obvious masses/lumps
Systemic signs e.g. cachexia, exopthalmus (might need full examination of thyroid status for tremor and eye)

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3
Q

What are you looking for on palpation

A

Lymph nodes

Thyroid gland - even? symmetrical?

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4
Q

Which lymph nodes are you feeling?

A 
Submental 
Submandibular 
Anterior cervical chain above SCM
Supraclavicular lymph nodes
Posterior cervical chain
Preauricular
post auricular

(see osceguide youtube vid)

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5
Q

Thyroid gland examination

A

Palpate
Swallow water
Stick tongue out

For the last two, see if any masses move

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6
Q

If you find a neck lump, how would you describe it? (rule of three)

A

3Ss - Site, size, surface/skin
3Cs - colour, contour, consistency
3Ts - Tenderness, temperature, trnasilluminaitoin
2Fs - Fluctuance, fixed

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7
Q

How would lymph node enlargement feel if it was infective?

A 
Firm
Tender
Mobile
Warm
Red
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8
Q

How would lymph node enlargement feel if it was malignanc?

A

Firm
non-tender
Tethered
Irregular

Accompanied by other symptoms: weight loss,

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9
Q

What is the sign called when you have virchow’s node and what is it suggestive of?

A

Troissier’s sign -

Gastric carcinoma

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10
Q

Sebaceous cyst features

A

Cottage cheese discharge

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11
Q

Lipoma features

A

Soft
Mobile
Non painful
Round appearance

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12
Q

Other causes of neck lumps

A

Sebaceous cyst

Lipma

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13
Q

If a midline lump doesn’t move with swallowing, what does it suggest?

A

Dermoid cyst

Chondroma

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14
Q

If a midline lump does move with swallowing, what does it suggest?

A

It’s related to the thyroid gland

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15
Q

If a midline lump does move with swallowing and with sticking out the tongue, what does it suggest?

A

Thryoglossal cyst

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16
Q

If a midline lump does move with swallowing and NOT with sticking out the tongue, what does it suggest?

A

Thyroid enlargement

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17
Q

What is the thyroglossal cyst?

A

Embryological remnant of thyroglossal duct?

18
Q

Complications of thyroglossal cyst

A

Infection

19
Q

Goitre can be caused by

A

Hypo or hyper thyroidism

  • unilateral or bilateral? toxic?
    Do TFTs
20
Q

What is a chondroma?

A

Benign cartilagious tumour

21
Q

What is a dermoid cyst?

A

Teratoma (germline)

22
Q

Lumps in the anterior triangle

A

Carotid body tumour/aneurysm
Branchial cyst
Parotid gland swelling

23
Q

Lumps in the posterior triangle

A

Cervical rib

Cystic hy

24
Q

What is a carotid body tumour? How does it feel?

A

Benign tumour in the bifurcation

Pulsatile

25
Q

What is the carotid body?

A

Chemoreceptors (oxygen and co2 monitors)

They release neurotransmitters

26
Q

What is a branchial cyst?

A

Congenital epithelial cyst

Failure of obliteration of 2nd branchial cleft

27
Q

Where do you get a branchial cyst?

A

Occurs in the upper third of anterior triangle

28
Q

When does it present?

A

After an infection

29
Q

What do you call blocking/inflammation of parotid duct?

gland swelling names

A

Sialadenitis

30
Q

Bilateral parotid swelling causes

A 
Mumps
Bacterial
TB
HIV
Autoimmune - sjorgrens
parotid cancer (unilateral)
31
Q

Complication of cervical rib

A

Thoracic outlet syndrome

Compression of lower trunk of brachial plexus/subclavian artery

32
Q

What is cervical rib?

A

?literally an extra rib above the first rib?

33
Q

What is cystic hygroma?

A

Congenital malformation

Lymphangioma - fluid filled sacks that contain lymph fluid in POSTERIOR triangle

34
Q

What conditions are associated with cystic hydrogma/

A

Turner’s

Noonan’s

35
Q

Complications of cystic hygroma

A

Airway obstruction

36
Q

What is apharyngeal pouch?

A

Diverticulum of the mucousa of the pharynx

37
Q

Symptoms of pharygneal pouch + epidemiology

A

Dysphagia
Gurgling
Regurgitation
Halitosis

older people

38
Q

What is associated with

A

Oesophageal webs

39
Q

Investigation and management of pharyngeal pouch

A

Barium swallow

Laser/stapling

40
Q

What is halitosis?

A

bad breath

DPD (38 decks)

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