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DPD > eoiaio > Flashcards

eoiaio Flashcards

1
Q

First line for anaphylaxis?

A

IM adrenaline
Fluids

Note: why not IV adrenline? would send patient into arrhythmias

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2
Q

When do you give IV adrenaline?

A

Cardiac arrest

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3
Q

Fine crepitaiotn

A

Fibrosis

Pulmonary oedema

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4
Q

Coarse crepitations suggests

A

PNEUMONIA

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5
Q

Amoxicillin would cover which pneumonias?

A

Streptococcus

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6
Q

Name a macrolide

A

Clarithromycin

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7
Q

Which organisms are covered by clari for CAP?

A

Atypical organisms
Legionella
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia

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8
Q

What would make you think of deranged

A

Low sodium
Deranged LFTs
Recent travel

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9
Q

Coarse crepitations and bronchial breathing suggests

A

Pneumonia

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10
Q

What would you order if someone has microcytic anaemia?

A 
Haematinics
Coeliac screen (tissue transglutaminase antibody)

OGD / colonoscopy (top and tail)

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11
Q

What would be seen in biopsy of coeliac disease?

A

Villous atrophy

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12
Q

Red flags in microcytic anamiea

A

Weight loss
anaemia
dyspepsia

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13
Q

Adenosine is used to treat

A

SVT

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14
Q

Treatment of AF less than 48 hours

A

DC cardioversion

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15
Q

Treatment of AF MORE than 48 hours

A

Rate control (e.g. digoxin, metoprolol) and anticoagulate

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16
Q

Amiodarone is used to treat

A

VT

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17
Q

Trousseu’s sign suggests

A

Pancreatic cancer

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18
Q

What causes Grey Turner’s/Cullens?

A

Haemmorhage due to acute pancreatitis

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19
Q

Causes of portal

A

Encephalopathy
Ascites
SBP
Variceal bleed

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20
Q

Diarrhoea plus schistocytes - what does it suggest?

A

Haemolysis

Maybe DIC or HUS

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21
Q

What happens in DIC?

A

Low platelets
Low fibrinogen
High PT/APTT
High D-dimer

due to lots of clots being formed around the body

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22
Q

What are the classifications of haemolytic anaemia?

A

Hereditary

Acquired

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23
Q

Red cell membrane problem

A

Hereditary spherocytosis

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24
Q

Red cell enzyme deficiency

A

G6PD deficiency

25
Q

Haemoglobinopathy

A

Sickle cell disease

Thalassemia

26
Q

Four acquired causes of haemolytic anaaemia

A

Autoimmune
MAHA
Drugs
Infection

27
Q

Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia

A

Clots form in small vessels, so as the

28
Q

Circular folds are called?

A

Valvulaecoliventi

29
Q

Circular folds are called?

A

Valvulae conniventes

30
Q

Where are haustra found and what do they suggest?

A

Large bowel obstruction

31
Q

What is the short SynACTHen test done for?

A

Adrenaline function

32
Q

Normal range for sodium?

A

135-145

33
Q

Normal range for potassium

A

3.5-5

34
Q

If you have someone with hyponatremia, what else are you looking at?

A

Whether they have hypovolemia, euvolemia or hypervolemia

35
Q

Hypovolemia can be due to

A

Diarrhoea
Vomiting
Diuretcs

36
Q

What’s the sodium like in hypovolemia?

A

Low urine sodium

37
Q

What could be the problem if you have euvolemia and hyponatremia?

A

Hypothyroidism
Adrenal insufficiency
SIADH

38
Q

What investigations would you do if someone has euvolmia and hyponatremia?

A

TFTs
Short Synacthen Test
Plasma and urine osmolality

39
Q

What could it be if you have hypervolemia and hyponatremia? e.g. with oedema

A

Cardiac failure
Cirrhosis
Nephrotic syndrome

40
Q

What is the most common cause of hyponatremia?

A

Too much ADH

41
Q

Rarer causes of hyponatremia?

A

Excess water intake

Sodium-free irrigation solutions such as those used in transurethral prostate resection (TURP)

42
Q

Causes of SIADH

A

CNS pathology (hence do brain MRI)
Lung pathology (DO CXR)
Drugs
Tumours

43
Q

Causes of oncholysis

A

Trauma
Thyrotoxicosis
Fungal infection
Psoriasis

44
Q

Abdo pain and vomiting in someone with T1DM

A

CBG

Capillary ketone

45
Q

Loin pain with blood, what investigations do you do?

A

CT KUB

46
Q

CATCH UP ON SLIDES 29-30

A

??????????

47
Q

Alkaline phospohatase goes up in what?

A

High in obstructive liver disease

Bone diseases e.g. malignancy, fracture, Paget’s disease

48
Q

If someone has hypercalcemia with low pth and normal alp (in bone cancer it’s normally high), what kind of cancer is it?

A

Multiple myeloma

49
Q

Features of multiple myeloma

A

Calcium (high)
Renal impairment
Anaemia
Bone

(CRAB)

50
Q

Common cause of small mobile lump in breast in young person

A

Fibroadenoma

51
Q

Causes of cavitating lung lesions (solid/fluid bits)

A

Infection: TB, staph, klebsiella
Inflammation: RA
Infarction: PE
Malignancy

52
Q

Oedema plus hypoalbuminaemia - what do you do next?

A

Urinalysis

nephrotic syndrome

53
Q

Facial telangiectasia suggests?

A

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia

if not then maybe cirrhosis

54
Q

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia is autosomal dominant or recessive? What’s the problem?

A

autosomal dominant

Abnormal blood vessels in skin, mucous membranes, lungs, liver, brain

55
Q

Low sodium and potassium suggests

A

Low aldosterone

56
Q

Low aldosterone plus low cortisol suggests

A

adrenal insufficiency

57
Q

Why might you get high prolactin in hypothyroidism?

A

TRH stimulates prolactin as well

58
Q

Differentiate between thyroiditis and multinodular goitre

A

TFTs normal in multinodular goitre

Hyperthyroid picture in goitre

DPD (38 decks)

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