Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

Question 1

What happens to Pco2 and po2 during sleep?

Answer 1

Pco2 goes up

po2 stays the same

Question 2

Differentiate between central vs obstructive sleep apnoea

Answer 2

Loss of cortical control of breathing
so medulla
takes over, but if there’s a problem with the medulla you get central

With obstructive, tongue relaxation during sleep actually obstructs upper airway, causing intermittent hypoxia (apnoea) and thus arousal in order to reopen the airway

Question 3

What is apnoea?

Answer 3

Apnoea - stop breathing

Question 4

What is hypopnoea?

Answer 4

Hypopnoea - pausing breathing

Question 5

Give two causes of central sleep apnoea

Answer 5

CCHS - central cortical hyperventilation syndrome

Heart failure - Pulmonary Oedema causes hyperventilation and drives

Question 6

What is the hypothesis about the role of sleep?

Answer 6

Synaptic homeostasis hypothesis - learning occurs via the formation of synapses and sleep consolidates this

Question 7

What subjective measure is used to

Answer 7

Epworth sleepiness scale

Question 8

Treatment of OSA

Answer 8

CPAP

Question 9

Other treatment options

Answer 9

Mandibular advancement splint

Losing weight, exercising etc