Pathology - KM Flashcards
Normal lung is what colour?
Redish, aerated but depends on the stain, always compare it against
If a lobe looks different, what do you call it?
LOBAR CONSOLIDATION
caused by strep pneumoniae
Sporadic pale bits suggest what?
Bronchopneumonia - these bits are white cells/puss
What causes LOBAR pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumonia (gram positive)
How would bronchiectasis be seen?
Dilated circles on the lung
Black lung in a young child suggests
CF
What opportunistic organism affects people with CF?
Pseudomonas
What happens to the heart tissue after an MI? (three consequences)
Fibrosis - becomes inflexible
A thrombus can become an embolus
AF
What happens to the heart tissue after an MI? (three consequences)
Fibrosis - becomes inflexible (looks white)
A thrombus can become an embolus
AF
What does a healed myocardial infarction look like?
thinned walls
fibrosis
What does an MI of the heart look like?
Black around the ventricles
What does a transection of the abdominal aorta look like?
Two holes at the bottom for common iliacs
Management of AAA
Lower BP
Cholesterol management
Causes of cirrhosis
ETOH Autoimmune Hep B-D Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Iron overload/ PBC primary biliary cholangitis PSC Primary sclerosing cholangitis
What 3 changes on the liver can you see with alcohol?
- Fatty change
2 Alcoholic hepatitis (ballooning containing malorie denk bodies)
Cirrhosis
What can happen after liver cirrhosis?
Metabolic products of liver not produced anymore
Liver failure
Outline the sequence of changes that happen in the liver than result in portal HTN
Nodules -> scaring -> resistance to flow to blood is increased therefore portal HTN is increased
Why do you get oesophageal varices secondary to liver cirrhosis?
The blood tries to get back to the heart, but can’t get through via the liver so tries to go through other anastomoses, the closest one being the oesophageal anastomoses
Name some other sites of portal anastamoses
Anorectal junction
Umbilical (caput medusa)
Retroperitoneum
Name a marker of hepatocellular carcinoma
Alfa fetoprotein
The liver has been compared to which nut?
Betel nut (paaku)
