Opthalmology

Question 1

What is the name for short sightedness?

Answer 1

Myopia

Defractive lenses needed

Question 2

What is the name for long sightedness?

Answer 2

Hypermetropia

Hyperconverging lenses needed

Question 3

Another name for expothlamos

Answer 3

Proptosis

Question 4

Give a cause of exopthalmos besides graves disease

Answer 4

Tumour

Question 5

What do you call it when the eye goes in?

Answer 5

Enopthalmos

Question 6

Baby’s vision

Answer 6

Can only see high contrast

Can’t see beyoond 20-30

Question 7

Congenital hole in the iris is called?

Answer 7

Iris colaboma

Question 8

Congenital hole in the retina is called?

Answer 8

retinal colaboma

Question 9

When does myelination of the optic nerve happen by

Answer 9

by 2 years

Question 10

What happens during the first 5-8 months birth with regards to eyes?

Answer 10

Colour vision begins

Question 11

What happens during the first 9m - 1 year with regards to eyes?

Answer 11

Baby can imitate etc

Question 12

Leading cause of visual impairment

Answer 12

Cataract

Unrefrected refractive errors

Question 13

By 3 year what has happened with the eye?

Answer 13

Retinal tissue is mature and visual memory begins to be put into place.

Question 14

Epidemiology of blindness

Answer 14

9/10 of the world’s blind live in developing countries. 60% of them are in Saharan Africa, China and India

Question 15

Causes of cataracts in childhood in developing countries?

Answer 15

Exposure to UV light

Question 16

What causes trachoma?

Answer 16

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 17

Leading cause of blindness in the UK?

Answer 17

Age related macular degeneration

Question 18

20% of 65 yr olds in the UK are vision impaired. What can be done?

Answer 18

Glasses

Cataracts

Question 19

Classifications of AMD

Answer 19

Dry and wet

Question 20

What is seen on a fundoscope with AMD? What is the pathophysiology

Answer 20

Drusen deposits of waste lipoporteins beneath macular photoreceptors leading to death of support cells

Question 21

Pathophysiology of trachoma

Answer 21

Inflammation of conjunctiva, this pulls back and rotates the eye, causing scaring of the eye and corneal opacity

?in growing of eyelid

Question 22

Management of trachoma

Answer 22

Tetracycline

Face washing

Question 23

Treatment for wet AMD

Answer 23

anti-VegF injections

Question 24

When do you get an eye screen if you have diabetes?

Answer 24

If you have diabetes for more than 12 years

Question 25

Name two treatments for diabetic retinopathy

Answer 25

Laser photocoagulation for peripheral areas anti-VegF injections for macula

Question 26

What is glaucoma?

Answer 26

A progressive optic neuropathy with typical optic disc changes and commensurate visiual field defects

Question 27

Epidemiology

Answer 27

Only 50% of people with glaucoma are diagnosed

Question 28

What is the name of the condition where someone was high IOP but no glaucoma?

Answer 28

Occular hypertension

Question 29

What is seen on a fundoscope with glaucoma?

Answer 29

No neuroretinal ring is seen around the cup, hence you see an enlargement of the cup

Question 30

How do you screen for glaucoma?

Answer 30

Visual field

Question 31

How do you monitor the cup size in glaucoma?

Answer 31

Optic nerve head imaging

Question 32

What is the pattern of vision loss in

Answer 32

Arcuate defects - the way the retinal information comes into the

Question 33

What is the problem with cataracts?

Answer 33

Decreased contrast and visual acuity

Question 34

What is a phakoemulsification probe?

Answer 34

Phakoemulsification fragments the lens so cataracts come out

Question 35

CASE: Droopy eye lid, eye down and out What's the problem?

Answer 35

non-pupil sparing third nerve palsy - EMERGENCY - is it an expanding aneurysm of the Posterior communicating artery ? CHECK

Question 36

Leading causes of eye disease worldwide

Answer 36

1. Cataract 2. Glaucoma 3. Macular degeneration

Question 37

Which years are crucial for eye development?

Answer 37

First 7 years

Question 38

Leading causes of eye disease worldwide

Answer 38

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