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DPD > Opthalmology > Flashcards

Opthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name for short sightedness?

A

Myopia

Defractive lenses needed

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2
Q

What is the name for long sightedness?

A

Hypermetropia

Hyperconverging lenses needed

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3
Q

Another name for expothlamos

A

Proptosis

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4
Q

Give a cause of exopthalmos besides graves disease

A

Tumour

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5
Q

What do you call it when the eye goes in?

A

Enopthalmos

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6
Q

Baby’s vision

A

Can only see high contrast

Can’t see beyoond 20-30

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7
Q

Congenital hole in the iris is called?

A

Iris colaboma

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8
Q

Congenital hole in the retina is called?

A

retinal colaboma

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9
Q

When does myelination of the optic nerve happen by

A

by 2 years

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10
Q

What happens during the first 5-8 months birth with regards to eyes?

A

Colour vision begins

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11
Q

What happens during the first 9m - 1 year with regards to eyes?

A

Baby can imitate etc

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12
Q

Leading cause of visual impairment

A

Cataract

Unrefrected refractive errors

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13
Q

By 3 year what has happened with the eye?

A

Retinal tissue is mature and visual memory begins to be put into place.

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14
Q

Epidemiology of blindness

A

9/10 of the world’s blind live in developing countries. 60% of them are in Saharan Africa, China and India

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15
Q

Causes of cataracts in childhood in developing countries?

A

Exposure to UV light

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16
Q

What causes trachoma?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

17
Q

Leading cause of blindness in the UK?

A

Age related macular degeneration

18
Q

20% of 65 yr olds in the UK are vision impaired. What can be done?

A

Glasses

Cataracts

19
Q

Classifications of AMD

A

Dry and wet

20
Q

What is seen on a fundoscope with AMD? What is the pathophysiology

A

Drusen deposits of waste lipoporteins beneath macular photoreceptors leading to death of support cells

21
Q

Pathophysiology of trachoma

A

Inflammation of conjunctiva, this pulls back and rotates the eye, causing scaring of the eye and corneal opacity

?in growing of eyelid

22
Q

Management of trachoma

A

Tetracycline

Face washing

23
Q

Treatment for wet AMD

A

anti-VegF injections

24
Q

When do you get an eye screen if you have diabetes?

A

If you have diabetes for more than 12 years

25
Q

Name two treatments for diabetic retinopathy

A

Laser photocoagulation for peripheral areas

anti-VegF injections for macula

26
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

A progressive optic neuropathy with typical optic disc changes and commensurate visiual field defects

27
Q

Epidemiology

A

Only 50% of people with glaucoma are diagnosed

28
Q

What is the name of the condition where someone was high IOP but no glaucoma?

A

Occular hypertension

29
Q

What is seen on a fundoscope with glaucoma?

A

No neuroretinal ring is seen around the cup, hence you see an enlargement of the cup

30
Q

How do you screen for glaucoma?

A

Visual field

31
Q

How do you monitor the cup size in glaucoma?

A

Optic nerve head imaging

32
Q

What is the pattern of vision loss in

A

Arcuate defects - the way the retinal information comes into the

33
Q

What is the problem with cataracts?

A

Decreased contrast and visual acuity

34
Q

What is a phakoemulsification probe?

A

Phakoemulsification fragments the lens so cataracts come out

35
Q

CASE:
Droopy eye lid, eye down and out
What’s the problem?

A

non-pupil sparing third nerve palsy - EMERGENCY - is it an expanding aneurysm of the Posterior communicating artery ? CHECK

36
Q

Leading causes of eye disease worldwide

A
  1. Cataract
  2. Glaucoma
  3. Macular degeneration
37
Q

Which years are crucial for eye development?

A

First 7 years

38
Q

Leading causes of eye disease worldwide

A

?/

DPD (38 decks)

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