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DPD > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

What are the six cardinal symptoms of the ear?

A 
Otorrhoea
Otalgia
Hearing loss
Dizziness
Tinnitus
FACIAL WEAKNESS (facial nerve runs through temporal bone)
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2
Q

Pulsatile tinnitus suggests?

A

Vascular origin

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3
Q

What is at the top part of the tympanic membrane

A

Chorda tympani branch of facial nerve which runs through

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4
Q

What is the size of the tuning fork you use?

A

512 tuning fork

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5
Q

What is positive rinne’s test?

A

Air conduction should be better than bone conduction

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6
Q

Lateralised Weber’s test to the left suggests?

A

Right sensorineural loss (it’s dead so only the left ear

Left conductive loss

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7
Q

Features of acute otitis media on otoscopy

A 
- TM mobility reduced
– Bulging TM
– TM – pronounced erythema prominent vessels
– Poor mobilty
– Change of colour – (red or yellow)
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8
Q

Causes of acute otitis media (specify)

A 
Viral URTI
Bacterial: 
S pneumonia
H influence
Moraxella catarrhalis
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9
Q

What guidelines are used for ear treatment? What does it suggest for children with ear infections?

A

SIGN guidelines
Delay antibiotics - actually increases risk of vomiting etc
If no improvement, give a 5 day course of delayed antibiotics

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10
Q

What is recurrent acute otitis media?

A

3/4 times a month/year (

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11
Q

What do you call it when you put a hole in the ear for recurrent ear infections?

A

Grommets

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12
Q

Abscess behind ear suggests…?

A

Mastoiditis

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13
Q

What is another name for otitis externa?

A

Swimmer’s ear

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14
Q

Treatment of otitis externa

A

local antibiotics

e.g.
Quinolones
Sofradex

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15
Q

What is cholesteatoma?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium in the middle ear (normally it’s in the skin of the ear)

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16
Q

Congenital vs acquired cholesteatoma

A

congenital - no problems (no perforation or ottorhoea) normally besides a bulging in in the TM

Acquired:
Foul smelling discharge
‘Attic’ retraction or perforation (attic = top part of ear drum)

17
Q

Management of cholesteatoma

A 
Surgery:
Tympanoplasty
Atticotomy
Canal wall up mastoidectomy 
Canal wall down mastoidectomy
18
Q

What is another name for glue ear?

A

Otitis media with effusion

19
Q

What is glue ear?

A

Effusion in ear with the absence of infection

Note: this is normal but for some it stays for longer

20
Q

Epidemiology of glue ear

A

younger than 6 years, boys

21
Q

Name another ear test besides otoscopy

A

Tympanogram which looks at teh movement of teh ear drum (if there’s stuff behind it, it wouldn’t move)

22
Q

Why do you get glue ear?

A

Cilia in ear doesn’t work so well, plus the eustachian tube doesn’tw ork as well

23
Q

What is otovent?

A

It’s a balloon you inflat in the nose that opens up the eustachian tube and opens up the drainage pathway

24
Q

Differentiate between acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion

A

acute otitis media (painful, red bulging ear drum) vs otitis media with effusion (painless, retracted ear drum with thick “glue” behind)

25
Q

If someone has no sparing of forehead - whole face is weak with one sided drooping, what is the droop

A

lower motor neuron facial palsy - bell’s palsy

26
Q

What does the facial nerve supply?

A

Motor to face also:
Lacrimal gland
taste
submadnibular gland

27
Q

What is bell’s phenomenon?

A

The eye moves up when we close it, so in Bell’s palsy, the eyelids don’t close but the eye still goes up so you only see the white of teh eye

28
Q

Causes of conductive hearing loss

A

Wax
Hole in ear drum
fluid in ear drum
Otosclerosis

29
Q

Which bone is affected in otosclerosis

A

Stapes bone

30
Q

Management of otosclerosis

A

Watchful waiting
Hearing aid
Stapedectomy

31
Q

Differential of cholasteatoma

A

Perforated ear drum

Tempanosclerosis - scarring of ear drum

32
Q

Why do you get retraction of the ear drum

A

bulging is from inflammation and pus produciton in infection, whereas in OME, you get reduced drainage through the Eustachian tube, and all the oxygen eventually gets reabsorbed by middle ear mucosa, reducing pressure and sucking the drum in

DPD (38 decks)

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