Neurology - AS Flashcards by Thivyaa Gangatharan

UMN signs

Increased tone, refexes and plantars go up

Less power

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UMN signs

Increased tone, reflexes and plantars go up

Less power

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Cerebellar signs

DANISH:

Ataxia
Nystagmus
Dysdiadochokinesia
Intention tremor
Speech slurred

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Treatment of peripheral neuropathy

Duloxetine

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Causes of peripheral neuropathy

Drugs
HIV
Diabetes
Alcohol (raised GGT and MCV)
Uremia (U and E)
Amyloidosis - deposition of abnormal protein in organs (if there is a history of myeloma or chronic infection/inflammation)

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Tumour causes of peripheral neuropathy ?? LOok back at the slide from 03.12.20

Paraeoplastic

Paranproteinaemia

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spastic lesion means it’s in the ?

spinal cord

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Another term for optic ner

Papilitis = head of optic nerve neuritis

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Symptoms of paipilitis

Blurred vision
Blurred optic disc margins
Pain on eye movement

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Spastic paraparesis can be caused by

Vascular - anterior spinal artery problem
Infection - TB
Inflammation - demyelination or transverse myelitis
Toxic/metabolic
Tumour/malignancy

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Spastic paraparesis can be caused by

Vascular - anterior spinal artery problem
Infection - TB
Inflammation - demyelination or transverse myelitis
Toxic/metabolic - b12
Tumour/malignancy

NOTE SOMETHING MUST BE PRESSING ON THE CORD

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Two lesions together - what do you think?

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Where do you check for sensation of radial nerve?

Base of thumb

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Pain distribution in sciatica?

Pain in buttock radiation down to the leg belwo th eknee

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Causes of sciatica

Disc herniation

Spinal canal stenosis

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What do you call disease of nerve roots?

Radiculopathy

What is micrographia

Small writing

Parkinsons signs

Tremor
Rigidity
Bradykinesia

Lewy body dementia signs

Alzhiemers _ prarksinsons + hallucinations

Causes of confusion

Post ictal (after seizure)
Dysphasia (stroke/TIA)
Dementia (?????)
Depressive pseudodementia

Differentials for CONFUSION

HYPOGLYCEAMIA
Vascular - bleed
- they’d have headache and collapse
Subdural haematoma - post fall, fluctutating consciousness

Infection
Intracranial/extracranial

Inflammation
malignancy
metabolic/toxic
Drugs/UandE/LFT/vit D/endocrinopathiese

GCS

Eye (4)
- open
open at demand
open at ?
not at all

Verbal 
confused - 4
words  3
sounds 2
nothing 1

Motor
obeying commands - 6

First steps in GCS scoring

DOB
Age
Time
Year
Place
REcall West streeet
reocgnise doctor 
who's PM
Second WW
COunt backwards from 20

Eye - GCS scoring

Spontaenous - 4
opens in response to voice - 3
Opens in resopnse to pain - 2
does not open 1

Verbal function GCS scoring

``` orientated confused words sounds no words ```

Motor function - GCS scoring

``` obeys commands - 6 localises pain - 5 withdraws to painful stimuli - 4 Abnormal flexion - 3 extension - 3 no movement - 1 ```

Meningitis signs

Fever Neck Stiffness Kernig's sign

Causes of headache

``` Meningitis SAH GCA Migraine Pituatry apoplexy ```

GCA management/investigations

ESR Steroids Bx

Stroke within 4.5 hrs management and investigation

CT would show no haemorrhage?? | Thrombolysis

Stroke after 4.5 hrs management and investigation

``` CT head - exclude haemorrhage Aspirin - 300mg Maintain hydration Oxygenation Monitor glc? ```

TIA management and investigations

``` Aspirin Don't treat BP acutely unless over 220/120 ECG Echocardiogram Carotid doppler Risk factor modification ```

Lower limb weakness?

Guillain Barre

Lower limb weakness and back ache?

Guillain Barre