Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DPD > Haematology - AS > Flashcards

Haematology - AS Flashcards

1
Q

Transfusion reaction

A

Haemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Microctyic anaemia differentials

A

IDA
GI blood loss
ACD
BETA THALASSEMIA

TAILS:
thalassaemia, anaemia of chronic disease, ida, lead poisoning, sickle cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why do you get normoctyic anaemia with high ferritin

A

Infection (

Inflammation - RA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

If a middle aged woman on NSAIDs and has anaemia, what’s the cause?

A

IDA (GI bleed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mnemonic for macrocytic anaemia causes

A

Alcoholics May Have Liver Failure:

Alcohol
Myelodysplasia (pancytopenia)
Hypothyroidism (lethargy, constipation, weight gain, low T4, high TSH)
Liver disease
Folate/B12 deficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A-E of liver disease

A 
Asterixis
Bruising
Clubbing
Dupuytren's
Erythema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What’s the MCV if it’s macrocytic

A

above 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Management of sickle cell anaemia

A

Analgesia
Oxygen
IV fluids
Abx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Crises

A

Acute painful crisis
Stroke
Sequestration crises (RBC pooling in lung, spleen)
Gallstones, chronic cholecystitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Management of stroke due to SCD

A

Exchange blood transfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Management of gallstones due to SCD

A

Cholecystectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why do you get gallstones with SCD?

A

Recurrent haemolysis -> bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why do you get gallstones with SCD?

A

Recurrent haemolysis -> bilirubin combines with calcium to form solid stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mnemonic for remmebering what to look out for in multiple myleoma

A

CRAB:

Calcium
Renal failure
Anaemia
Bone

Also:
infection
Cord compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Presentation of calcium

A

Polyuria
Polydispisa
Abdo pain
Constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What fractures are most common in someone with multiple myeloma?

A

Collies (distal radius)
Spine
NOF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hypercalcemia
Low PTH
Backache
Normal ALP

What’s the most likely cause?

A

Multiple myeloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What suppresses the rise in ALP in malignancy?

A

Plasma cells suppress the osteoblasts that produce alk phosph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Anaemia with high reticulocyte count

A

Haemolyic crisis e.g. haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Anaemia with low reticulocyte count

A

Parvovirus b19 nfection
aplastic crisis with SCA
Blodo transfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Fasting glucose range for diabetes

A

Above 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Random glucose level for diabetes

A

Above 11.1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What would you do to test for diabetes?

A

Impaired glucose tolerance test

24
Q

Presentation of Graves

A 
Weight loss
Good appetite
Irritability
Palpitations
Irregular periods
25
Q

Signs of graves

A

Pretibial myxoedema
Tremor
Proptosis
Smooth goitre

26
Q

What’s proptosis as opposed to exopthalmos?

A

Proptosis - when you can see white of the eyes when a patient looks forwards
Exopth eye forward

27
Q

Which antibody are you looking for in Graves?

A

TSH Receptor stimulating antibodies

28
Q

What will the uptake scan show in Graves?

A

Diffuse increased uptake

29
Q

TPO antibodies mean what?

A

These can be up in any autoimmune thyroid disease, doesn’t necessarily mean it’s graves

30
Q

Investigations for thyroid cancer

A

USS
Fine needle aspiration cytology
Uptake scan

31
Q

What kind of surgery can you have for thyroid cancer

A

Papillary
Follicular
Medullary
Anaplastic

32
Q

What will you need to give after surgery

A

Thyroxine

Radioiodine

33
Q

What might cause bitemporal hemianopia?

A

PROLACTINOMA

34
Q

Prolactinoma treatment

A

Cabergoline FIRST

Then surgery if needed

35
Q

Acromegaly presentation

A 
Headache
Sweating
Poor sleep
Snoring
High IGF-1
36
Q

Normally, what should happen if we take dexamethasone?

A

Low cortisol next morning as it SUPPRESSES the ACTH

but if ther’es a tumour, there’s no suppressionso cortisol is high

37
Q

What’s the point of the synACTHen test?

A

If cortisol does not go up after synACTHen,

38
Q

What’s the insulin tolerance test?

A

Insulin tolerance test - causes hypoglycemia, so cortisol and growth hormone should go UP because normally glucose and growth hormone go in opposite directions

The growth hormone goes up because it’s trying to stimulate more glucose production

But it doesn’t

39
Q

What’s the point of the synACTHen test?

A

If cortisol does not go up after synACTHen, there’s a problem

40
Q

What happens in OGTT normally?

A

Glucose should normally SUPPRESS growth hormone, but if there’s a tumour, it continues to be up

41
Q

Cushings signs

A

Bruising
Central adiposity
Myopathy

42
Q

Amenorrhoea/oligomenorrhoea differentials

A 
Pregnancy
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Thyroid
Ovaries
43
Q

Amenorrhoea/oligomenorrhoea differentials

A

Pregnancy
Hypothalamus - excessive exercise/low BMI
Pituitary - excess prolactin tumour
Thyroid - hyper/hypothyroidism
Ovaries - PCOS or ovarian failure (high LH/FSH)

44
Q

Hypokalemia presentation

A

Weakness
Arrhythmia
Polyuria (ADH doesn’t work so you get nephrogenic diabetes insipidus)

45
Q

Differentials for hypokalemia

A

Vomiting
Diuretics
Primary hyperaldosteronism

46
Q

Low cal
Low phosph
High PTH

A

Vitamin D

47
Q

High cal, low phosph, high pth

A

Primary hyperPTH

48
Q

High cal
Normal phosoph
Low PTH

A

Hypercalcemia of malignancy

49
Q

Low cal
High phosph
low PTH

A

Hypoparathyroidism

50
Q

Low cal
High phosph
High PTH

A

Renal failure

51
Q

Prerenal AKI causes

A

Hypovolemia

Sepsis

52
Q

Renal causes of AKI

A

Drugs

Glomerulonephritis (esp if there is an active urine sediment i.e. blood and protein in urine)

53
Q

What does ‘active urine sediment’ mean

A

blood and protein in urine

54
Q

Post renal causes of AKI

A

Obstruction - do an USS

55
Q

Renal artery stenosis????????????

A

Asymmetrical kidneys

DPD (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions