Intro to Radiology

Question 1

What has high attenuation?

Answer 1

Bone - absorbs lots of the energy therefore look white

Question 2

What is a voxel?

Answer 2

Volume?

Question 3

What is spatial resolution?

Answer 3

Ability to tell one structure apart from another

Question 4

Which is better at spatial resolution?

Answer 4

CXR as pixels

Question 5

What is contrast resolution?

Answer 5

Ability to tell different densities apart

Question 6

Which is better at contrast resolution?

Answer 6

CT

due to superimposition on cxr

Question 7

Dose

Answer 7

mili seaverts mSV

Question 8

What level of radiation do we all receive per year, living in the UK?

Answer 8

2. 7mSv of radiation acquired - low dose

note: america is 3x as ba

Question 9

What about radiation on a transantlatic flight?

Answer 9

000.8

Question 10

Dose of a CXR

Answer 10

0.014mSv

Question 11

Dose of CT chest

Answer 11

1.4 mSv (100x CXR)

Question 12

Dose of CT spine

Answer 12

a lot higher

Question 13

What is the tear drop structure on the right near the hilum?

Answer 13

Azygous vein from back of spine into SVC

Question 14

What do you call the azygous line ontop of the trachea?

Answer 14

Azygo-oesophageal line

Question 15

What is consolidation?

Answer 15

Something in airspace

Question 16

What can consolidation be caused by?

Answer 16

Infection
Tumour
Blood

Question 17

What is ground-glass opacification?

Answer 17

Where there is some opacification but the air hasn’t been completely displaced, like lighter white shading

Doesn’t

Question 18

What can cause ground-glass opacification

Answer 18

Something in the airspace or interstitial space or both 
e.g. 
Haemorrage
Hypersensitiivy
Pneumonitis

Question 19

What is the silhouette sign?

Answer 19

When there’s opacification

Question 20

Why would you say there is consolidation?

Answer 20

Ill defined increase in density
Loss of vessel pattern
Confluence - everything merges
Air-bronchograms

Question 21

Causes of consolidation

Answer 21

Pneumonia
Oedema
Haemorrhage
Aspiration

Question 22

Pulmonary oedema - what is the consolidation?

Answer 22

Bilateral perihilar

Question 23

How many lobes in the right lung?

Answer 23

3

Question 24

How many lobes in the left lung?

Answer 24

2

Question 25

What do you call lots of white spots?

Answer 25

Cannon-ball nodules

Question 26

What would smaller nodules in the lungs suggest?

Answer 26

Miliary TB

Absecess

Question 27

Other causes of nodules in lungs

Answer 27

Vasculitis

Infective endocarditis

Question 28

Differential for single nodule in lung

Answer 28

Primary lung malignancy
Metastases
Abscess
Vasculitis

Question 29

What does the meniscus sign suggest?

Answer 29

Pneumonitis

Question 30

If the lung is completely white with tracheal deviation, what does it suggest?

Answer 30

Atelectasis

Question 31

Where would the trachea go if there was lung collapse aka atelectasis?

Answer 31

Towards the collapse