Intro to Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

What has high attenuation?

A

Bone - absorbs lots of the energy therefore look white

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2
Q

What is a voxel?

A

Volume?

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3
Q

What is spatial resolution?

A

Ability to tell one structure apart from another

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4
Q

Which is better at spatial resolution?

A

CXR as pixels

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5
Q

What is contrast resolution?

A

Ability to tell different densities apart

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6
Q

Which is better at contrast resolution?

A

CT

due to superimposition on cxr

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7
Q

Dose

A

mili seaverts mSV

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8
Q

What level of radiation do we all receive per year, living in the UK?

A
  1. 7mSv of radiation acquired - low dose

note: america is 3x as ba

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9
Q

What about radiation on a transantlatic flight?

A

000.8

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10
Q

Dose of a CXR

A

0.014mSv

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11
Q

Dose of CT chest

A

1.4 mSv (100x CXR)

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12
Q

Dose of CT spine

A

a lot higher

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13
Q

What is the tear drop structure on the right near the hilum?

A

Azygous vein from back of spine into SVC

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14
Q

What do you call the azygous line ontop of the trachea?

A

Azygo-oesophageal line

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15
Q

What is consolidation?

A

Something in airspace

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16
Q

What can consolidation be caused by?

A

Infection
Tumour
Blood

17
Q

What is ground-glass opacification?

A

Where there is some opacification but the air hasn’t been completely displaced, like lighter white shading

Doesn’t

18
Q

What can cause ground-glass opacification

A
Something in the airspace or interstitial space or both 
e.g. 
Haemorrage
Hypersensitiivy
Pneumonitis
19
Q

What is the silhouette sign?

A

When there’s opacification

20
Q

Why would you say there is consolidation?

A

Ill defined increase in density
Loss of vessel pattern
Confluence - everything merges
Air-bronchograms

21
Q

Causes of consolidation

A

Pneumonia
Oedema
Haemorrhage
Aspiration

22
Q

Pulmonary oedema - what is the consolidation?

A

Bilateral perihilar

23
Q

How many lobes in the right lung?

24
Q

How many lobes in the left lung?

25
What do you call lots of white spots?
Cannon-ball nodules
26
What would smaller nodules in the lungs suggest?
Miliary TB | Absecess
27
Other causes of nodules in lungs
Vasculitis | Infective endocarditis
28
Differential for single nodule in lung
Primary lung malignancy Metastases Abscess Vasculitis
29
What does the meniscus sign suggest?
Pneumonitis
30
If the lung is completely white with tracheal deviation, what does it suggest?
Atelectasis
31
Where would the trachea go if there was lung collapse aka atelectasis?
Towards the collapse