Fundamentals of Histopathology

Question 1

What cells are associated with acute inflammation?

Answer 1

Neutrophils - multi lobed

Question 2

Lymphoma on a slide is referred to as?

Answer 2

Starry sky appearance - identical cells

Question 3

Eosinophils are associated with?

Answer 3

Allergic
Parasitic
Tumours e.g. Hodgkins disease

Question 4

What do eosinophils look like?

Answer 4

Bilobed

Question 5

Name a condition where eosinophils infiltrate the oesophagus

Answer 5

Asthma of the oesophagus =

Eosinophilic oesophagitis

Question 6

What cells are seen in urticaria?

Answer 6

Mast cells

Question 7

What do macrophages look like?

Answer 7

Large cytoplasm

Question 8

Macrophages are associated with

Answer 8

End of acute inflammation

Chronic inflammation e.g. Granuloma

Question 9

How do you tell if sputum is from saliva or bronchi?

Answer 9

Presence of neutrophils if from bronchi (can be black if pollution)

Question 10

How does TB look on histology? What kind of cells are seen on histology?

Answer 10

Granuloma; macrophages
T cells drive secretory nature of macrophages so the cytoplasm grows to accommodate golgi etc

Eputheliod macrophages
Giant cells I.e. Fused macrophages

Question 11

How does TB look on histology? What kind of cells are seen on histology?

Answer 11

Granuloma; macrophages
T cells drive secretory nature of macrophages so the cytoplasm grows to accommodate golgi etc

Eputheliod macrophages
Giant cells I.e. Fused macrophages

Question 12

Name an acid fast stain

Answer 12

Ziehl Nelson

Question 13

Characteristics of SCC

Answer 13

Keratin production

Tight intercellular bridges

Question 14

Characteristics of adenocarcinomas

Answer 14

Mucin production
Glands

Tumours of glandular epithelium

Question 15

Where are adenocarcinomas common?

Answer 15

Breast
Lung
Colon
Prostate

Question 16

What kind of carcinoma is seen in the urinary tract?

Answer 16

Transitional cell carcinoma

Question 17

Where are SCC found

Answer 17

Dunno

Question 18

What kind of stain can you do for adenocarcinomas?

Answer 18

Mucin stain

Question 19

What stain can be done to look for melanin?

Answer 19

Fontana stain

Question 20

Two types of stains

Answer 20

Histochemical

Immunohistochemical

Question 21

What are histochemical stains?

Answer 21

A chemical reaction between stain and tissue, causing a recognisable change in colour

Question 22

Brownness in liver suggests

Answer 22

Iron deposition; haemochromatosis

Question 23

What stain can you do to check for iron?

Answer 23

Prussian blue stain

Question 24

What stain is done to look for amyloid?

Answer 24

Congo red stain

Question 25

Where is amyloid found?

Answer 25

RA

Tumours of B cells

Question 26

What colour does amyloid become on birefringence?

Answer 26

Apple green birefringence

Question 27

What are immunohistochemical stains?

Answer 27

Ab binds to antigen on tissue, but needs a detection system to make this visible

Question 28

Name a detection system

Answer 28

Immunoperoxidase

Question 29

Epithelial marker

Answer 29

Cytokeratin immunohistochemical marker

Question 30

Lymphoid marker

Answer 30

Cd45 stain

Question 31

What is seen in herpes simplex immunohistopathology?

Answer 31

Multinucleate cells

Question 32

For immunohistochemical staining, you add a second stained antibody to the antibody against the tissue antigen. Why do you add this second stained antibody rather than simply tagging the first antibody?

Answer 32

The more tags you add, the more sensitive the process

You can make a blanket stain by using a separate stained antibody rather than having to stain each antibody