Fundamentals of Histopathology Flashcards
What cells are associated with acute inflammation?
Neutrophils - multi lobed
Lymphoma on a slide is referred to as?
Starry sky appearance - identical cells
Eosinophils are associated with?
Allergic
Parasitic
Tumours e.g. Hodgkins disease
What do eosinophils look like?
Bilobed
Name a condition where eosinophils infiltrate the oesophagus
Asthma of the oesophagus =
Eosinophilic oesophagitis
What cells are seen in urticaria?
Mast cells
What do macrophages look like?
Large cytoplasm
Macrophages are associated with
End of acute inflammation
Chronic inflammation e.g. Granuloma
How do you tell if sputum is from saliva or bronchi?
Presence of neutrophils if from bronchi (can be black if pollution)
How does TB look on histology? What kind of cells are seen on histology?
Granuloma; macrophages
T cells drive secretory nature of macrophages so the cytoplasm grows to accommodate golgi etc
Eputheliod macrophages
Giant cells I.e. Fused macrophages
How does TB look on histology? What kind of cells are seen on histology?
Granuloma; macrophages
T cells drive secretory nature of macrophages so the cytoplasm grows to accommodate golgi etc
Eputheliod macrophages
Giant cells I.e. Fused macrophages
Name an acid fast stain
Ziehl Nelson
Characteristics of SCC
Keratin production
Tight intercellular bridges
Characteristics of adenocarcinomas
Mucin production
Glands
Tumours of glandular epithelium
Where are adenocarcinomas common?
Breast
Lung
Colon
Prostate
What kind of carcinoma is seen in the urinary tract?
Transitional cell carcinoma
Where are SCC found
Dunno
What kind of stain can you do for adenocarcinomas?
Mucin stain
What stain can be done to look for melanin?
Fontana stain
Two types of stains
Histochemical
Immunohistochemical
What are histochemical stains?
A chemical reaction between stain and tissue, causing a recognisable change in colour
Brownness in liver suggests
Iron deposition; haemochromatosis
What stain can you do to check for iron?
Prussian blue stain
What stain is done to look for amyloid?
Congo red stain
Where is amyloid found?
RA
Tumours of B cells
What colour does amyloid become on birefringence?
Apple green birefringence
What are immunohistochemical stains?
Ab binds to antigen on tissue, but needs a detection system to make this visible
Name a detection system
Immunoperoxidase
Epithelial marker
Cytokeratin immunohistochemical marker
Lymphoid marker
Cd45 stain
What is seen in herpes simplex immunohistopathology?
Multinucleate cells
For immunohistochemical staining, you add a second stained antibody to the antibody against the tissue antigen. Why do you add this second stained antibody rather than simply tagging the first antibody?
The more tags you add, the more sensitive the process
You can make a blanket stain by using a separate stained antibody rather than having to stain each antibody
