Fundamentals of Histopathology Flashcards

1
Q

What cells are associated with acute inflammation?

A

Neutrophils - multi lobed

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2
Q

Lymphoma on a slide is referred to as?

A

Starry sky appearance - identical cells

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3
Q

Eosinophils are associated with?

A

Allergic
Parasitic
Tumours e.g. Hodgkins disease

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4
Q

What do eosinophils look like?

A

Bilobed

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5
Q

Name a condition where eosinophils infiltrate the oesophagus

A

Asthma of the oesophagus =

Eosinophilic oesophagitis

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6
Q

What cells are seen in urticaria?

A

Mast cells

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7
Q

What do macrophages look like?

A

Large cytoplasm

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8
Q

Macrophages are associated with

A

End of acute inflammation

Chronic inflammation e.g. Granuloma

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9
Q

How do you tell if sputum is from saliva or bronchi?

A

Presence of neutrophils if from bronchi (can be black if pollution)

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10
Q

How does TB look on histology? What kind of cells are seen on histology?

A

Granuloma; macrophages
T cells drive secretory nature of macrophages so the cytoplasm grows to accommodate golgi etc

Eputheliod macrophages
Giant cells I.e. Fused macrophages

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11
Q

How does TB look on histology? What kind of cells are seen on histology?

A

Granuloma; macrophages
T cells drive secretory nature of macrophages so the cytoplasm grows to accommodate golgi etc

Eputheliod macrophages
Giant cells I.e. Fused macrophages

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12
Q

Name an acid fast stain

A

Ziehl Nelson

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13
Q

Characteristics of SCC

A

Keratin production

Tight intercellular bridges

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14
Q

Characteristics of adenocarcinomas

A

Mucin production
Glands

Tumours of glandular epithelium

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15
Q

Where are adenocarcinomas common?

A

Breast
Lung
Colon
Prostate

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16
Q

What kind of carcinoma is seen in the urinary tract?

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

17
Q

Where are SCC found

18
Q

What kind of stain can you do for adenocarcinomas?

A

Mucin stain

19
Q

What stain can be done to look for melanin?

A

Fontana stain

20
Q

Two types of stains

A

Histochemical

Immunohistochemical

21
Q

What are histochemical stains?

A

A chemical reaction between stain and tissue, causing a recognisable change in colour

22
Q

Brownness in liver suggests

A

Iron deposition; haemochromatosis

23
Q

What stain can you do to check for iron?

A

Prussian blue stain

24
Q

What stain is done to look for amyloid?

A

Congo red stain

25
Where is amyloid found?
RA | Tumours of B cells
26
What colour does amyloid become on birefringence?
Apple green birefringence
27
What are immunohistochemical stains?
Ab binds to antigen on tissue, but needs a detection system to make this visible
28
Name a detection system
Immunoperoxidase
29
Epithelial marker
Cytokeratin immunohistochemical marker
30
Lymphoid marker
Cd45 stain
31
What is seen in herpes simplex immunohistopathology?
Multinucleate cells
32
For immunohistochemical staining, you add a second stained antibody to the antibody against the tissue antigen. Why do you add this second stained antibody rather than simply tagging the first antibody?
The more tags you add, the more sensitive the process | You can make a blanket stain by using a separate stained antibody rather than having to stain each antibody