Respiratory Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
this is the place where the primary bronchus and pulmonary artery and vein enter into the lungs
the hilum
this pleura surrounds the lung
visceral pleura
the ____________ layer attaches to the thoracic cavity
parietal
What is the role of the lungs ?
remove CO2 from the body (waste product from metabolism)
replenish the body with fresh O2
the heart and lungs work together to make this happen
The alveolar sacs contains _______________ that supply the pulmonary artery (which takes _____________ blood to the lungs to receive oxygen) and pulmonary vein (which takes ____________ blood back to the heart to replenish the body). These capillaries have a thin membrane that allows the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Oxygen is inhaled and crosses over the membrane and attachs to the ________….while carbon dioxide (a waste product from metabolism) transports from the exhausted cell into the respiratory system to be exhaled.
capillaries; unoxygenated; oxygenated; red blood cells
the most fundamental defense mechanism of the lungs
coughing
what is the epiglottis?
This leaf shaped elastic flap structure is located at the top of the larynx and prevents food from entering the tracheobronchial tree by closing over the glottis during swallowing
the ____________ is located in front of the esophagus
trachea
What structures are the bronchi lined with which help expel mucus up and away from the lower airway to the trachea, where it can be expectorated or swallowed
Cilia
___________ sacs which arise from the ducts, contain clusters of alveoli, which are the basic units of gas exchange
Alveolar
This substance is secreted by type 2 alveolar cells in the walls of the alveoli. Without it the alveoli would collapse
Surfactant- this phospholipid protein reduces the surface tension in the alveoli
The lungs are located in the ___________ cavity in the thorax
pleural
The respiratory structures are innervated by which nerves ?
The phrenic, vagus, and thoracic nerves
What are the accessory muscles of respiration ?
The scalene muscles, which elevate the first 2 ribs
the sternocleidomastoid muscles, which raise the sternum
the trapezius and pectoralis muscles, which fix the shoulders
The ________ descends into the abdominal cavity during inspiration, causing negative pressure in the lungs
diaphragm
the negative pressure draws air from the area of greater pressure, the atmosphere into the area of lesser pressure, the lungs
In the lungs, air passes through the terminal bronchioles and into the _____________ and diffuses into surrounding ________________, then travels to the rest of the body oxygenate the body tissues
alveoli; capillaries
What happens at the end of inspiration ?
The diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax and the lungs recoil
As the lung recoils, the pressure within the lungs becomes higher than the atmospheric pressure, causing the air, which now contains the cellular waste products carbon dioxide and water, to move from the alveoli in the lungs to the atmosphere
What does effective gas exchange depend on ?
Distribution of gas (ventilation) and blood (perfusion) in all portions of the lungs
