Isotonic, Hypotonic & Hypertonic Solutions

Question 1

Water follows ______________.

Answer 1

sodium

Question 2

Cell loves having everything equal or ______________ . But when conditions change, water/fluid will shift through ______________to attempt to get it equal again.

Answer 2

homeostatic; osmosis

Question 3

Iso means

tonic means

Answer 3

equal
concentration of a solution

there is an equal concentration on the inside and the outside of the cell

Question 4

What are the 4 isotonic fluid types ?

Answer 4

0.9 % normal saline
5% Dextrose in water (D5W) - turns hypotonic after dextrose is metabolized
5% Dextrose in 0.228% Saline
Lactated Ringers

Question 5

Why do we give isotonic fluids ?

Answer 5

To increase the extracellular fluid.It won’t cause the cell to shrink or blow up or anything like that

We give when there is extracellular fluid volume loss through vomiting, diarrhea, blood loss, surgery

Question 6

Hypotonic means ………………….

side effects include

Answer 6

the concentration of the solution is lower. It will cause fluid to move into the cell
Side effects include cell lyses, depletion of the circulatory system

Question 7

Hypotonic Fluid types

Answer 7

0. 45% Saline (1/2 saline)
1. 22% Saline (1/4 saline)
2. 33% Saline (1/3 saline)

Question 8

when the cell becomes dehydrated, what kind of fluids do we give?

Answer 8

Hypotonic

Question 9

What conditions can warrant giving hypotonic solutions

Answer 9

DKA and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic syndrome

Question 10

What kind of patients would we not want to give hypotonic fluids to ?

Answer 10

Burn, Trauma patients and those with Increased cranial pressure

Question 11

Hypertonic means ___________________. What will it do to the cell?

Answer 11

excessive concentration of a solution

It will cause the cell to shrink

Question 12

Hypertonic Fluid Types

Answer 12

3% Saline
5% Saline
10% Dextrose in water

5% dextrose in 0.9% Saline
5% dextrose in 0.45% Saline
5% Dextrose in LR

they are all very “salty” and concentrated

Question 13

Hypertonic solutions are usually given through a

Answer 13

central line.

Question 14

Where are hypertonic solutions normally given?

Answer 14

in the ICU’s where patients can be intensely monitored because it can cause fluid overload with pulmonary edema

Question 15

Why would you give a hypertonic solution ?

Answer 15

Hyponatremia (pulls fluid back into intravascular system)

Cerebral edema - decrease swelling by removing fluid off brain

Question 16

A patient with cerebral edema would be ordered a _______________ solution to decrease brain swelling.

Answer 16

HYPERTONIC. The solution would remove water from the brain cells back into the intravascular system to be excreted