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Pharmocology > Respiratory Agents > Flashcards

Respiratory Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Methylxanthines

Bronchodilator

A

Theophylline (Theolair)

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2
Q

Theophylline (Theolair)

is used for

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Asthma

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3
Q

MOA Theophylline (Theolair)

A
  • Increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to dilate bronchial smooth muscle
  • Suppress airway responsiveness to stimuli that promote bronchospasm
  • Not available for inhalation – long term management
  • Risk of toxicity (drug level monitor)
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4
Q

Theophylline (Theolair)

Adverse Effects

A
  • Increased cAMP
  • Cerebral stimulation (restlessness, insomnia, dizziness)
  • Skeletal muscle stimulation (restlessness)
  • Pulmonary vasodilation
  • Cardiac stimulation (Palpitation, tachycardia)
  • Diuretics (Urinary frequency)
  • Multiple drug-drug interactions and contraindications
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5
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benedryl)

is used for

A
  • widely used to treat allergic rhinitis
  • Parkinson’s disease (central and anticholinergic effects, 1st generation)
  • Insomnia (OTC sleep aids, 1st generation but tolerance, less than 2 weeks)
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6
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benedryl)

Adverse effects:

A
  • More significant central adverse effects such as drowsiness and sedation
  • Excessive anticholinergic adverse effects such as dry mouth and urine hesitancy
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7
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benedryl) Nursing concerns:

A
  • Tolerance develops after a few doses
  • Allergy history and renal impairment, pregnancy, and lactation
  • Avoid OTC cold, allergy unless approved
  • No alcohol and other CNS drugs
  • No grapefruit, apple or orange juice in 1 hr of taking drug (decreased absorption)
  • Stop taking at least 4 days before skin allergy test
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8
Q

2nd gen Antihistamine

A

Fexofenadine (Allegra)

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9
Q

Fexofenadine (Allegra)

is used for

A

widely used to treat allergic rhinitis

Urticaria and other skin rashes (1st and 2nd generation, oral and tropical creams)

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10
Q

Bronchodilator

Beta2 Adrenergic Agonist

A

Albuterol (Proventil)

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11
Q

Albuterol (Proventil)

used for

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Asthma

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12
Q

Albuterol (Proventil)

MOA

A

Activate selective beta2 adrenergic agonists in bronchus resulting in bronchodilation

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13
Q

Albuterol (Proventil)

Adverse effects:

A

tachycardia,
angina,
tremors

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Pharmocology (28 decks)

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