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Pharmocology > Class 10 > Flashcards

Class 10 Flashcards

1
Q

rapid acting insulin

A

Novolog

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2
Q

Novulin R

MOA

A

Decrease blood glucose levels by increasing cellular uptake of glucose and stimulating storage of glucose as glycogen and inhibit release of glucagon

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3
Q

Novulin R

Is for

A

Diabetes Mellitus

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4
Q

Novulin R

Adverse Effects:

A

hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia

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5
Q

Oral diabetic drugs (Thiazolidinedione)

A

Rosiglitazone (Avandia)

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6
Q

Rosiglitazone (Avandia)

MOA

A

Lower blood glucose by increasing cellular sensitivity to insulin, thereby reducing insulin resistance

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7
Q

Rosiglitazone (Avandia)

Used for

A

Diabetes Mellitus

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8
Q

Rosiglitazone (Avandia)

Adverse effects:

A

hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia

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9
Q

Biguanide

Oral Diabetic Drug

A

Glucophage (metformin)

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10
Q

Glucophage (metformin)

moa

A
  • Reduce blood glucose by reducing gluconeogenesis, thereby suppressing hepatic production of glucose
  • Decrease intestinal reabsorption of glucose and increase cellular uptake of glucose
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11
Q

Glucophage (metformin) Adverse effects:

A

Hypoglycemia

GI: n/v, heartburn, diarrhea

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12
Q

Glucophage (metformin) Nursing Concerns:

A
  • Take medications preferable 30min prior to breakfast and take same time each day
  • If a dose missed, take it as soon as remembered but not double up if close to next dose
  • Teach signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and instruct patient to consume juice or candy once hypoglycemia and notify health providers
  • Avoid other medications like aspirin and EtOH
  • Encourage routine follow ups, proper diet, and exercise.
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13
Q

anti-hyperthyroidism

A

Propylthiouracil (Propacil, Propyl-Thyracil, PTU)

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14
Q

Propylthiouracil (Propacil, Propyl-Thyracil, PTU)

MOA

A

Inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis

Suppress peripheral conversion of T4 to T3

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15
Q

Propylthiouracil (Propacil, Propyl-Thyracil, PTU) Adverse effects:

A

CNS: dizziness, neuritis, weakness, paresthesias, fatigue, headache
CV: bradycardia
Others: leukopenia, myelosuppression, hypersensitivity reactions, rash

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16
Q

Propylthiouracil (Propacil, Propyl-Thyracil, PTU) Nursing concerns:

A
  • baseline VSs, ECG and lab studies including T3, T4, TSH and CBC, S/S of thyroid crisis (tachycardia, dysrhythmia, fever, heart failure, flushed skin, apathy, confusion, behavioral changes)
  • Teaching for S/S of hypothyroidism
  • Take medications at the same time every day around the clock
  • Instruct to monitor pulse rate and to report significant increase or decrease in pulse rate
  • The most serious adverse effects of antithyroid agents is agranulocytosis. Regularly check CBC for leukopenia
17
Q

Insulin

Nursing Concerns:

A
  • Always monitor blood glucose before administration
  • Roll but never shake vials of insulin to ensure gentle dispersion
  • Insulin is given parenterally but not orally (enzyme destroyed in intestine)
  • IV administration with regular insulin only whereas the needle of 25 or 26 gauge and ½ to ¾ inch in length used for SC injection
  • Rotate injection sites
  • Insulin doses must be adjusted with stress, infection, or pregnancy
  • Teach patient with S/S of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia
  • Do not give when blood sugar less than 70mg/dl or with the signs of hypoglycemia (anxious, nervous, confusion, weakness etc)
  • Emphasize the importance of compliance to regimen
18
Q

Pituitary Hormone

A

Vasopressin (Pitressin)

Desmopression (DDAVP)

19
Q

Vasopressin (Pitressin)

Desmopression (DDAVP) Indications:

A

Diabetes insipidus
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Nocturnal enuresis

20
Q

Vasopressin (Pitressin)

Desmopression (DDAVP) Nursing Concerns:

A

Always assess vital signs and serum sodium levels
Contraindications/cautions
Angina
Decreased cardiac output
Increased peripheral resistance (hypertension)
Arrhythmia

21
Q

Vasopressin (Pitressin)

Desmopression (DDAVP) Adverse effects:

A 
Bradycardia 
Premature atrial contraction 
Heart block 
Fluid overhydration 
Always assess vital signs and serum sodium levels
22
Q

Thyroid Hormones (supplement)

A

Levothyroxine (Synthroid, T4)

23
Q

Levothyroxine (Synthroid, T4)

MOA

A

supply thyroid hormones to correct hypothyroidism

24
Q

Adverse effects:

Levothyroxine (Synthroid, T4)

A 
Overdose:
hyperthyroidism – thyroid crisis
2. Thyroid crisis:
angina
tachycardia
palpitations
hypertension
cardiac dysrhythmia
N/V/D
Cramping
Insomnia
Tremors
Headache
Nervousness
Irritability
weight loss
 fever
25
Q

Topotecan (hycamptin)

A

metastatic ovarian cancer after failure of other chemotherapy-relapsed small cell lung cancer-cervical cancer

26
Q

Topotecan (hycamptin) Adverse effects:

A

Neutropenia
Myelosuppression
Alopecia
Interstitial Lung Disease

27
Q

Nursing Concerns:

Topotecan (hycamptin)

A

CBC
avoid vaccines
avoid OTC products

28
Q

Pyridostigmine (Mistinon)

MOA

A

inhibits destruction of acetylcholine increasing concentration of acetylcholine released

29
Q

Pyridostigmine (Mistinon) USED FOR

A

used as a muscle relaxant or for myasthenia gravis

Pharmocology (28 decks)

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