Drugs on Cardiovascular System Flashcards by Janna Z

Digoxin (Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps)

IS FOR

Heart failure

dysrhythmia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Digoxin (Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps)

MOA

Increase contractility (positive inotropic)
Slow electrical conduction (negative dromotropic)
Slow heart rate (negative chromotropic)
Inhibit Na+-K+ ATPase (compete with potassium)
Narrow therapeutic index (therapeutic level at 0.5-2.5ng/mL)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Digoxin (Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps)

ADVERSE EFFECTS

CV – AV block, dysrhythmias 
GI – Anorexia and N/V 
Vision – colored vision (yellow) and halo vision 
Precaution 
Older adults 
Renal impairment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nursing process
for Digoxin (Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps)

Complete health history and PE including SOB, Peripheral and pulmonary edema
If apical pulse<60, withhold digoxin
I/O and daily weight
Lab values (hypokalemia predisposes dig toxicity and digoxin level)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Antilipidemic drugs

Lovastatin (Mevacor), Simvastatin (Zocor), Fluvastatin (Lescol)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lovastatin (Mevacor), Simvastatin (Zocor), Fluvastatin (Lescol)
MOA

Inhibits precursor of cholesterol to lower cholesterol (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lovastatin (Mevacor), Simvastatin (Zocor), Fluvastatin (Lescol)
Adverse Effects:

Diarrhea
Constipation
rhabdomyolysis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lovastatin (Mevacor), Simvastatin (Zocor), Fluvastatin (Lescol)
Nursing Concerns:

Cannot be taken with Digoxin
Patient should avoid grapefruit
Administer in the evening when cholesterol synthesis is at its peak

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Warfarin (Coumadin)

antidote

Vitamin K (Aqua-MEPHYTON)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Warfarin (Coumadin)

lab

PT/INR every day until discharge; weekly to biweekly afterwards

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Warfarin (Coumadin) Nursing/safety concerns:

-Bruising from venipuncture
monitor for subclinical bleeding (gums, urine, stool)
-Use soft toothbrush
-No OTC drugs without physician approval
-No ASA or NSAIDs
-For warfarin, avoid cabbage, cauliflower, kale, spinach, some cheeses, egg yolks, liver and tomatoes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Potassium-Sparing Diuretic

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Adverse effect:

hyperkalemia → life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias
Electrolyte imbalances
Dehydration
Hypotension

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Spironolactone (Aldactone) used for

Hypertension 
Heart failure 
renal failure 
Liver Failure/Cirrhosis
Pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Spironolactone (Aldactone) Nursing concerns:

Health Hx
Vitals, BP and LOC
baseline and electrolyte labs
monitor for hypotension and syncope
Monitor Older adults
give in the AM
Daily Weight and I/O
not for breastfeeding
monitor for cerebral and pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Osmotic Diuretics

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

used for

Increased intracranial and intraocular pressure

- Renal failure

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

Adverse effect:

Rebound increase in ICP and extravasation

Loop Diuretics

Furosemide (Lasix)

used for

Hypertension

Furosemide (Lasix)

MOA

Block Na+, K+ and Cl- reabsorption at ascending loop of Henle

Furosemide (Lasix) Adverse effect:

ototoxicity 
Drug interactions
Electrolyte imbalances 
Dehydration 
Hypotension

ACE inhibitor

Enalapril (Vasotec)

used for

Heart failure, Hypertension

Enalapril (Vasotec) | Adverse Effect:

persistent cough postural(orthostatic) hypotension hyperkalemia angioedema

Enalapril (Vasotec) Nursing Concerns:

- Complete health history/assessment - BP and pulse before drug administration - EKG and lab values including electrolytes - Daily weight and I/O to monitor possible fluid retention - No OTC/herbal meds without physician consent - Evaluate sedation/dizziness for patient safety

HEPARIN ANTIDOTE

Protamine sulfate

Heparin Labs

APTT every 6hrs

Nifedipine (Procardia) Nife(-dipine) and Verapamil used for

Heart failure, dysrhythmia, angina pectoris, and hypertension Calcium channel blockers

Nifedipine (Procardia) | Nife(-dipine) and Verapamil Nursing Concerns:

- Complete history/assessment - Vitals including BP 30-60 minutes before administration and withhold if systolic BP is less than 90 - Orthostatic hypotension/chest pain - Weight, I/O, edema daily - Avoid grapefruit (CYP450) - Constipation/Nausea - No sudden withdrawal - Palpitations - No smoking/alcohol - No breastfeeding

Hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrex, HydroDIURIL, HCTZ) | adverse effects

gout attacks and blood dyscrasias

Hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrex, HydroDIURIL, HCTZ) used for

Most commonly prescribed for Diuretic-Related problems (HF and Hypertension)

Bethanechol (Urecholine) | used for

treats urinary retention | cholinergic agent that stimulates bladder contraction and therefore promoting urine flow

Bethanechol (Urecholine) adverse effects

urinary incontinence nausea/belching hypotension dizziness, fainting, fatigue

Carbonic Anhydrate Inhibitors | Weak diuretics

Acetazolamide (Diamox)

Acetazolamide (Diamox) | used for

glaucoma

Acetazolamide (Diamox) adverse effects

metabolic acidosis