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Pharmocology > Drugs on Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Drugs on Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Digoxin (Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps)

IS FOR

A

Heart failure

dysrhythmia

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2
Q

Digoxin (Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps)

MOA

A
  • Increase contractility (positive inotropic)
  • Slow electrical conduction (negative dromotropic)
  • Slow heart rate (negative chromotropic)
  • Inhibit Na+-K+ ATPase (compete with potassium)
  • Narrow therapeutic index (therapeutic level at 0.5-2.5ng/mL)
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3
Q

Digoxin (Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps)

ADVERSE EFFECTS

A 
CV – AV block, dysrhythmias 
GI – Anorexia and N/V 
Vision – colored vision (yellow) and halo vision 
Precaution 
Older adults 
Renal impairment
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4
Q 
Nursing process
for Digoxin (Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps)
A
  • Complete health history and PE including SOB, Peripheral and pulmonary edema
  • If apical pulse<60, withhold digoxin
  • I/O and daily weight
  • Lab values (hypokalemia predisposes dig toxicity and digoxin level)
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5
Q

Antilipidemic drugs

A

Lovastatin (Mevacor), Simvastatin (Zocor), Fluvastatin (Lescol)

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6
Q

Lovastatin (Mevacor), Simvastatin (Zocor), Fluvastatin (Lescol)
MOA

A

Inhibits precursor of cholesterol to lower cholesterol (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors)

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7
Q

Lovastatin (Mevacor), Simvastatin (Zocor), Fluvastatin (Lescol)
Adverse Effects:

A

Diarrhea
Constipation
rhabdomyolysis

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8
Q

Lovastatin (Mevacor), Simvastatin (Zocor), Fluvastatin (Lescol)
Nursing Concerns:

A
  • Cannot be taken with Digoxin
  • Patient should avoid grapefruit
  • Administer in the evening when cholesterol synthesis is at its peak
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9
Q

Warfarin (Coumadin)

antidote

A

Vitamin K (Aqua-MEPHYTON)

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10
Q

Warfarin (Coumadin)

lab

A

PT/INR every day until discharge; weekly to biweekly afterwards

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11
Q

Warfarin (Coumadin) Nursing/safety concerns:

A

-Bruising from venipuncture
monitor for subclinical bleeding (gums, urine, stool)
-Use soft toothbrush
-No OTC drugs without physician approval
-No ASA or NSAIDs
-For warfarin, avoid cabbage, cauliflower, kale, spinach, some cheeses, egg yolks, liver and tomatoes

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12
Q

Potassium-Sparing Diuretic

A

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

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13
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Adverse effect:

A

hyperkalemia → life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias
Electrolyte imbalances
Dehydration
Hypotension

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14
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone) used for

A 
Hypertension 
Heart failure 
renal failure 
Liver Failure/Cirrhosis
Pulmonary edema
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15
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone) Nursing concerns:

A 
Health Hx
Vitals, BP and LOC
baseline and electrolyte labs
monitor for hypotension and syncope
Monitor Older adults
give in the AM
Daily Weight and I/O
not for breastfeeding
monitor for cerebral and pulmonary edema
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16
Q

Osmotic Diuretics

A

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

17
Q

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

used for

A
  • Increased intracranial and intraocular pressure

- Renal failure

18
Q

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

Adverse effect:

A

Rebound increase in ICP and extravasation

19
Q

Loop Diuretics

A

Furosemide (Lasix)

20
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)

used for

A

Hypertension

21
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)

MOA

A

Block Na+, K+ and Cl- reabsorption at ascending loop of Henle

22
Q

Furosemide (Lasix) Adverse effect:

A 
ototoxicity 
Drug interactions
Electrolyte imbalances 
Dehydration 
Hypotension
23
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

Enalapril (Vasotec)

24
Q

Enalapril (Vasotec)

used for

A

Heart failure, Hypertension

25
Q

Enalapril (Vasotec)

Adverse Effect:

A

persistent cough
postural(orthostatic) hypotension
hyperkalemia
angioedema

26
Q

Enalapril (Vasotec) Nursing Concerns:

A
  • Complete health history/assessment
  • BP and pulse before drug administration
  • EKG and lab values including electrolytes
  • Daily weight and I/O to monitor possible fluid retention
  • No OTC/herbal meds without physician consent
  • Evaluate sedation/dizziness for patient safety
27
Q

HEPARIN ANTIDOTE

A

Protamine sulfate

28
Q

Heparin Labs

A

APTT every 6hrs

29
Q

Nifedipine (Procardia)
Nife(-dipine) and Verapamil
used for

A

Heart failure, dysrhythmia, angina pectoris, and hypertension
Calcium channel blockers

30
Q

Nifedipine (Procardia)

Nife(-dipine) and Verapamil Nursing Concerns:

A
  • Complete history/assessment
  • Vitals including BP 30-60 minutes before administration and withhold if systolic BP is less than 90
  • Orthostatic hypotension/chest pain
  • Weight, I/O, edema daily
  • Avoid grapefruit (CYP450)
  • Constipation/Nausea
  • No sudden withdrawal
  • Palpitations
  • No smoking/alcohol
  • No breastfeeding
31
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrex, HydroDIURIL, HCTZ)

adverse effects

A

gout attacks and blood dyscrasias

32
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrex, HydroDIURIL, HCTZ) used for

A

Most commonly prescribed for Diuretic-Related problems (HF and Hypertension)

33
Q

Bethanechol (Urecholine)

used for

A

treats urinary retention

cholinergic agent that stimulates bladder contraction and therefore promoting urine flow

34
Q

Bethanechol (Urecholine) adverse effects

A

urinary incontinence
nausea/belching
hypotension
dizziness, fainting, fatigue

35
Q

Carbonic Anhydrate Inhibitors

Weak diuretics

A

Acetazolamide (Diamox)

36
Q

Acetazolamide (Diamox)

used for

37
Q

Acetazolamide (Diamox) adverse effects

A

metabolic acidosis

Pharmocology (28 decks)

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