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Pharmocology > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Zileuton (Zyflo) is used for?

A

Used to control chronic asthma & reduce # of asthma attacks by blocking leukotrienes
does not treat acute asthma attack

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2
Q

Zileuton (Zyflo) adverse effects

A 
N/V
Drowsiness
Constipation
gas 
dizziness
insomnia
joint pain
red eye
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3
Q

Topotecan (hycamptin)

is for ?

A

metastatic ovarian cancer after failure of other chemotherapy-relapsed small cell lung cancer-cervical cancer

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4
Q

Topotecan (hycamptin) MOA

A

topoisomerase inhibitor-causes DNA strand breakage and damage

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5
Q

Topotecan (hycamptin adverse effects

A

Neutropenia
Myelosuppression
Alopecia
Interstitial Lung Disease

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6
Q

Topotecan (hycamptin) nursing concerns

A

CBC
avoid vaccines
avoid OTC products

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7
Q

Pyridostigmine (Mistinon)

is used for?

A

used as a muscle relaxant or for myasthenia gravis

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8
Q

Pyridostigmine (Mistinon) MOA

A

inhibits destruction of acetylcholine increasing concentration of acetylcholine released

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9
Q

Vasopressin (Pitressin)
Desmopression (DDAVP)
-Pituitary Hormone

is used for?

A

Diabetes insipidus
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Nocturnal enuresis

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10
Q

Vasopressin (Pitressin)
Desmopression (DDAVP)
-Pituitary Hormone

nursing concerns

A

Always assess vital signs and serum sodium levels
Contraindications/cautions
Angina
Decreased cardiac output
Increased peripheral resistance (hypertension)
Arrhythmia

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11
Q

Vasopressin (Pitressin)
Desmopression (DDAVP)
-Pituitary Hormone

adverse effects

A 
Bradycardia 
Premature atrial contraction 
Heart block 
Fluid overhydration 
Always assess vital signs and serum sodium levels
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12
Q 
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, T4)
Thyroid Hormones (supplement)

MOA

A

supply thyroid hormones to correct hypothyroidism

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13
Q 
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, T4)
Thyroid Hormones (supplement)

adverse effects

A 
1. Overdose:
hyperthyroidism – thyroid crisis
2. Thyroid crisis:
angina
tachycardia
palpitations
hypertension
cardiac dysrhythmia
N/V/D
Cramping
Insomnia
Tremors
Headache
Nervousness
Irritability
weight loss
 fever
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14
Q

Rapid acting insulin

A

(Novolog)

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15
Q

intermediate acting insulin

A

(NPH, Humulin H, Novolin H)

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16
Q

long acting insulin

A

(Lantus and Levemir)

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17
Q

What drug is

  • Biguanides
  • Oral Diabetic Drug
A

Glucophage (metformin)

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18
Q

MOA for Glucophage (metformin)

A
  • Reduce blood glucose by reducing gluconeogenesis, thereby suppressing hepatic production of glucose
  • Decrease intestinal reabsorption of glucose and increase cellular uptake of glucose
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19
Q

Glucophage (metformin)

adverse effects

A

Hypoglycemia

GI: n/v, heartburn, diarrhea

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20
Q

Glucophage (metformin) nursing concerns

A
  • Take medications preferable 30min prior to breakfast and take same time each day
  • If a dose missed, take it as soon as remembered but not double up if close to next dose
  • Teach signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and instruct patient to consume juice or candy once hypoglycemia and notify health providers
  • Avoid other medications like aspirin and EtOH
  • Encourage routine follow ups, proper diet, and exercise.
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21
Q

anti-hyperthyroidism

drug

A

Propylthiouracil (Propacil, Propyl-Thyracil, PTU)

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22
Q

Propylthiouracil (Propacil, Propyl-Thyracil, PTU)

MOA

A

Inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis

Suppress peripheral conversion of T4 to T3

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23
Q

Propylthiouracil (Propacil, Propyl-Thyracil, PTU) adverse effects

A

CNS: dizziness, neuritis, weakness, paresthesias, fatigue, headache
CV: bradycardia
Others: leukopenia, myelosuppression, hypersensitivity reactions, rash

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24
Q

Propylthiouracil (Propacil, Propyl-Thyracil, PTU) nursing concerns

A

baseline VSs, ECG and lab studies including T3, T4, TSH and CBC, S/S of thyroid crisis (tachycardia, dysrhythmia, fever, heart failure, flushed skin, apathy, confusion, behavioral changes)
Teaching for S/S of hypothyroidism
Take medications at the same time every day around the clock
Instruct to monitor pulse rate and to report significant increase or decrease in pulse rate
The most serious adverse effects of antithyroid agents is agranulocytosis. Regularly check CBC for leukopenia

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25
Q

Rosiglitazone (Avandia)

A

Oral diabetic drugs (Thiazolidinedione)

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26
Q

Rosiglitazone (Avandia) MOA

A

Lower blood glucose by increasing cellular sensitivity to insulin, thereby reducing insulin resistance

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27
Q

Rosiglitazone (Avandia) is used for

A

Diabetes Mellitus

28
Q

Rosiglitazone (Avandia) adverse effects

A

hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia

29
Q

Filgrastim (Neupogen)

-Colony Stimulating is used for

A

chemotherapy induced neutropenia

30
Q

Filgrastim (Neupogen)

-Colony Stimulating MOA

A

stimulate neutrophils (WBC) production and decrease duration of chemotherapy induced neutropenia

31
Q

Methotrexate (Folex)
-Antimetabolites
is used for

A

Osteosarcoma
Lymphomas
Leukemias
Breast and lung cancers.

32
Q

Methotrexate (Folex)

-Antimetabolites MOA

A

Disrupt metabolic pathways of cancer cells and inhibit critical enzymes
Folic acid analog
Cell cycle specific to S phase

33
Q

Methotrexate (Folex)

-Antimetabolites adverse effects

A

bone marrow suppression (myelosuppression),

dermatological side effects and photosensitivity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome

34
Q

Epoetin alpha (Epogen)
Colony Stimulating Factors
is used for

A

chemotherapy induced anemia

35
Q 
Epoetin alpha (Epogen)
Colony Stimulating Factors   MOA
A

stimulate RBC production and decrease duration of chemotherapy induced anemia

36
Q

Vincristine (Oncovin)

  • Natural products
  • Three categories:
A
  • Vinca alkaloids
  • Taxanes (Taxol)
  • Topoisomerase inhibitors (Etoposide)
37
Q

Vincristine (Oncovin) is used for

A

Treated for Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), Lymphomas etc.

38
Q

Vincristine (Oncovin) MOA

A

Bind to tubulin which makes up the microtubules of the cells necessary for cell division and disrupt mitosis resulting in cell death
Cell cycle specific to phase M

39
Q

Vincristine (Oncovin) adverse effects

A

neurotoxicity, which may take several months to resolve
Myelosuppression
GI Epithelial Cell Changes
Alopecia

40
Q

Valproic acid (Depakene, Depacon)
Antiseizure agent
Is used for

A
  • Absence seizures

- Complex partial seizures

41
Q 
Valproic acid (Depakene, Depacon)
-Antiseizure agent MOA
A

Increase concentration of GABA in brain and suppress abnormal neuronal discharges by blocking the influx of sodium into neurons

42
Q 
Valproic acid (Depakene, Depacon)
-Antiseizure agent Nursing concerns
A
  • Complete neurologic assessment including pupil response, LOC, orientation, motor response, verbal response, and cognition
  • Obtain baseline data – history, previous drug reactions, vital signs, electrolytes, CBC
  • Monitor seizure activity
  • Assess serum levels of drugs
  • Watch for blood dyscrasia
  • Ensure environmental safety issues
43
Q

MAO inhibitors

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

A

Phenelzine (Nardil)

-Effective but seldom used due to serious adverse effects

44
Q

Phenelzine (Nardil) is used for

A

For depression.

45
Q

Phenelzine (Nardil) MOA

A

Bind irreversibly to MAO; Intensify actions of endogenous epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine

46
Q

Phenelzine (Nardil) adverse effects

A

Orthostatic hypotension (most common side effect)

47
Q

Phenelzine (Nardil) nursing concerns

A

Common drug and food interactions

Avoid food containing tyramine

48
Q

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Second generation antidepressant
Effective and low incidence of serious side effects

A

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

49
Q

Fluoxetine (Prozac) MOA

A

Block uptake of serotonin at neuronal presynaptic membrane; Enhance action of serotonin

50
Q

Fluoxetine (Prozac) adverse effects

A

GI upset, Anorexia, Sexual dysfunction

51
Q

Fluoxetine (Prozac) nursing concerns

A

Full therapeutic effects appear in 2-6 weeks

52
Q

Antipsychotics
Dopamine antagonist
2nd generation/Atypical – fewer adverse effects, better patient adherence and more effective

A

Risperidone (Risperdal)
Clozapine (Clozaril) (dopamine antagonist)
Aripirazole (Abilify) (dopamine system stabilizer)

53
Q

Risperidone (Risperdal)
Clozapine (Clozaril) (dopamine antagonist)
Aripirazole (Abilify) (dopamine system stabilizer)

adverse effects

A

Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS)
Serious adverse effects from antipsychotics
Extrapyramidal system associated with postural and automatic movements
EPS including
Acute dystonia – severe muscle spasm on neck, back and face
Akathisia – uncontrollable need to be moving
Antipyschotic induced Parkinsonism – not distinguished
Tardive dyskinesia – involuntary movement of tongue and face

54
Q

Risperidone (Risperdal)
Clozapine (Clozaril) (dopamine antagonist)
Aripirazole (Abilify) (dopamine system stabilizer)

nursing concerns

A

Baseline history, physical and vital signs
Assess suicide risk, mental status and behavior
Instruct for drug actions and adverse effects
Increase fluid intake and dietary sources of fiber
Monitor EPS and anticholinergic adverse effects
Assess skin conditions and lab results
Patient support system

55
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants

Mainstay for treatment of depression

A

Amitriptylline (Elavil)

Nortriptyline (Pamelor)

56
Q

Amitriptylline (Elavil)

Nortriptyline (Pamelor) is used for

A

Commonly used for depression

57
Q

Amitriptylline (Elavil)

Nortriptyline (Pamelor) MOA

A

Block reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin into presynaptic nerve terminate; increase actions of both neurotransmitters; block Ach receptors

58
Q

Amitriptylline (Elavil)

Nortriptyline (Pamelor) adverse effects

A

Many adverse effects

No known antidote for overdose and estimated 70% TCA overdoses died before reach to hospital

59
Q

a drug of choice for many tonic-clonic and partial seizures

antiseizure agent

A

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

60
Q

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

MOA

A

Inhibit sodium channels and block repetitive, sustained firing of neurons; Other mechanisms likely but incompletely understood

61
Q

Carbamazepine (Tegretol) is used for

A

Used with phenytonin for patients requiring polytherapy

Siezure

62
Q

Carbamazepine (Tegretol) nursing concerns

A

Complete neurologic assessment including pupil response, LOC, orientation, motor response, verbal response, and cognition
Obtain baseline data – history, previous drug reactions, vital signs, electrolytes, CBC
Monitor seizure activity
Assess serum levels of drugs
Watch for blood dyscrasia
Ensure environmental safety issues

63
Q

Antipsychotic agents/

antidopaminergics/phenothiazine

A

Promethazine (Phenergan)

64
Q

Promethazine (Phenergan)

MOA

A

antiemetic, antihistamine, H1 receptor antagonist
acts on blood vessels, GI, and respiratory system by competing with histamine for H1 receptor sites decreasing allergic response

65
Q

Promethazine (Phenergan) is used for

A

vertigo (N/V)
motion sickness
nausea
rhinitis

66
Q

Promethazine (Phenergan) adverse effects

A

constipation
dry mouth
urinary retention
vesicant causing extravasation

67
Q

Promethazine (Phenergan) nursing concerns

A

Assess nutritional, fluid and electrolyte status
Place on side lying position with altered LOC to prevent aspiration
Withhold foods and fluid until nausea subsides
Monitor for Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) in elderly, emaciated patients (extreme weight loss) and children
Instruct not to drive or other hazardous activities
Avoid alcohol

Pharmocology (28 decks)

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