Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmocology > Medchart 6 > Flashcards

Medchart 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What medication is used for heart failure?

A

Digoxin (Lanoxin/Lanoxicaps)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

MOA of Digoxin?

A

Inhibit Na+K+ATPase pump, normally competes with potassium

  • Increase Contractility : Positive intropic
  • Less beats : Negative Dromotropic
  • Slow heart rate: Negative Chemotropic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adverse effects of Digoxin

A
  • AV block
  • Dysrhythmias
  • Anoxeria
  • N/V
  • Colored vision (yellow)
  • Halo vision
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the Beta adrnergic Antagonists?

A

Propranolol (Inderal)
Metoprolol (Lopressor/ Toprol)
Atenolol (Tenormin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are Propranolol (Inderal)
Metoprolol (Lopressor/ Toprol)
Atenolol (Tenormin) used for?

A
  • Dysrhythmias
  • Angina Pectoris
  • Protects against MI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

MOA of Propranolol (Inderal)
Metoprolol (Lopressor/ Toprol)
Atenolol (Tenormin)

A
  • reduce heart rate and contractility

- lowes myocardial O2 demand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the Calcium channel Blockers Dihydropyridines?

A

Nifedipine (Adalat)
Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Nicardipine (Cardene)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are Calcium channel Blockers Dihydropyridines used for?

Nifedipine (Adalat)
Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Nicardipine (Cardene)

A
  • Hypertension

- Angina Pectoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MOA of Calcium channel Blockers Dihydropyridines

A
  • Bind reversibly to closed type calcium channels
  • Block calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle
  • decrease amount of calcium available for muscle contraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the Calcium channel blockers Nondihydropyridines

A

Verapamil (Calan)

Diltiazem (Cardizem)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are Calcium channel blockers Nondihydropyridines used for?

Verapamil (Calan)
Diltiazem (Cardizem)

A
  • Hypertension
  • Angina pectoris
  • Coronary artery disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MOA of Calcium channel Blockers Nondihydropyridines

A
  • bind to subunits of L-type calcium channels
  • inhibit flow into muscle
  • causes vasodilation of peripheral arterioles and reduces contractility of myocardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nursing concerns with ALL calcium channel blockers

A

-Complete History/Exam
-Monitor VS and BP 30 to 60 min before administration
withhold if systolic BP<90 mmHg
-Watch for orthostatic hypotension and chest pain
-Check daily weight, I&O and edema→ HF
-Avoid grapefruit (interact with CYP450)
-Observe for constipation
-Discontinue gradually
-Report palpitation and nausea
-No smoking, alcohol, or breastfeeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What drug is an ACE inhibitor?

A

Enalapril (Linsinopril/Catorpil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the ACE inhibitor Enalapril used for?

A

Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MOA of Enalapril

A
  • Block RAA system in kidneys decreasing BP
  • Reduce conversion to Angiotensin 1 to Angiotensin 2
  • Reduce aldosterone effects and increase effectiveness of diuretics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are adverse effects for Enalapril?

A
  • Hyperkalemia
  • persistant cough
  • postural hypotension
  • angioedema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nursing concerns for Enalapril

A
  • Protect Kidneys

- ACE inhibitors are cheaper but pts may not be able to tolerate nocturnal cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What drug is an ARB Inhibitor?

A

Losartan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Losartan used for?

A

Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

MOA for Losartan

A
  • Block renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in kidney to decrease BP
  • Block effects of Angiotensin 2
  • Similar effects of ACE inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Adverse effects of Losartan

A
  • Hypotension

- Angioedema (rare)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Nursing Concerns for Losartan

A

Fewer adverse effects than ACE inhibitors because they are more specific

24
Q

What are the Alpha 2 Agonist

A

Clonidine (Catapres),

Methyldopa (Aldomet)

25
Q

What is Clonidine (Catapres),

Methyldopa (Aldomet) used for

A

Hypertension

26
Q

MOA for Clonidine (Catapres),

Methyldopa (Aldomet)

A
  • Unknown centrally acting mechanism unrelated to alpha2 receptors
  • Reduce sympathetic nerve impulses
27
Q

Adverse effects for Clonidine (Catapres),

Methyldopa (Aldomet)

A
  • Drowsiness, depression, sedation
  • Decreased libido/impotence
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Positive coombs test → anemia
28
Q

What are the Alpha 1 antagnoist drugs?

A

Prazosin (Minipress)

Doxazosin (Cardura)

29
Q

What is Prazosin (Minipress)
Doxazosin (Cardura)
used for?

A

Hypertension

30
Q

MOA for Prazosin (Minipress)

Doxazosin (Cardura)

A
  • Block Alpha 1 Receptors

- Relax arterial & venous smooth muscle

31
Q

Adverse effects for Prazosin (Minipress)

Doxazosin (Cardura)

A
  • First dose phenomenon: orthostatic hypotension
  • More for alpha 1 antagonists bc they are so potent
  • This leads to ↓ blood flow to the brain and syncope (loss of consciousness R/T no blood flow)
  • Sexual Dysfunction
  • N/V and abdominal cramping
  • Incontinence & increased urine frequency
  • Depression
  • Lethargy
  • Vivid Dreams
32
Q

Direct acting Vasodilator drugs

A
  • Hydralazine (Apresoline)

- Nitroprusside (Nipride): Only for emergencies given through an IV; Continuous Cardiac/Hemodynamic Monitor

33
Q

What is Hydralazine (Apresoline)

-Nitroprusside (Nipride) used for

A

Hypertension

34
Q

MOA for Hydralazine (Apresoline)

-Nitroprusside (Nipride)

A
  • Dilate arterial smooth muscle directly

- Some also affect veins

35
Q

Adverse effects for Hydralazine (Apresoline)

-Nitroprusside (Nipride)

A

Can be minimized with beta blockers and diuretics
Reflex tachycardia
Fluid retention

36
Q

Nursing Concerns for all ANTIHYPERTENSIVE drugs

A
  • Complete Health History and Physical Exam
  • BP & Pulse before administering drug
  • Beware of Adverse Effects
  • EKG/Lab values including electrolytes
  • Daily Weight/ I&O to monitor fluid retention
  • NO OTC meds or herbal supplement (Drug-Drug Interactions)
  • Sedation and Dizziness for Pt. safety
37
Q

Nursing Concerns for all Diuretics

A
  • Complete health history
  • Vital signs, BP and LOC frequently
  • Baseline and period determination of electrolytes
  • Safety precaution: hypotension and syncope
  • Old patients observation
  • Readiness to access to bathroom
  • Given early in day (prevent nocturia)
  • Daily weight, I/O and watch for cerebral, pulmonary edema and swelling
  • No breastfeeding
38
Q

Adverse effects for Diuretics

A

Electrolyte Imbalances/ Dehydration/ Hypotension

39
Q

Loop or High Ceiling Diuretic

A

Furosemide (Lasix)

40
Q

What is lasix used for

A

Most often hypetension

41
Q

MOA for Furosemide (Lasix)

A

Block Na+, K+, and Cl- reabsorption at ascending loop of Henle

42
Q

Adverse effect for Furosemide (Lasix)

A

Ototoxicity

43
Q

Thiazides Diuretic

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL/ HCTZ)

44
Q

What is Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL/ HCTZ) used for

A

Most commonly prescribed for Diuretic-Related problems (HF and Hypertension)

45
Q

MOA for Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL/ HCTZ)

A
  • Block Na+ reabsorption at distal tubule

- Results in less water reabsorption

46
Q

Adverse effects for Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL/ HCTZ) used for

A
  • Gout Attacks

- Blood Dyscrasias (overall ↓ in WBC/RBC/Platelets)

47
Q

Potassium Sparing Diuretic

A

Spironolactone (Aldactone): Low Effectiveness

48
Q

MOA for Spironolactone (Aldactone)

A
  • Inhibit action of aldosterone in distal tubule and collecting ducts of nephron
  • ↑ Na+, Cl-, and H2O excretion
  • K+ Retained
49
Q

Adverse effects for Spironolactone (Aldactone)

A

Hyperkalemia (3.5-5.0): Life Threatening Cardiac Dysrhythmias

50
Q

Osmotic Diuretic

A

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

51
Q

What is Mannitol (Osmitrol) used for

A
  • ↑ intracranial and intraocular pressure (surgery/ trauma/ Brain Trauma)
  • Renal Failure
52
Q

MOA for Mannitol (Osmitrol)

A
  • Increase osmolality of the filtrate to pull water from intracellular and interstitial space (surrounding the cells) into vascular space
  • Decreased H2O and Na+ through filtration by glomerulus but incapable of being reabsorbed by renal tubule
53
Q

Adverse effects of Mannitol (Osmitrol)

A

rebound increase in ICP annd extravasation

54
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

A

Acetazolamide (Diamox)

55
Q

What is Acetazolamide (Diamox) used for

A

Glaucoma

56
Q

MOA for Acetazolamide (Diamox)

A
  • Inhibit Carbon Anhydrase activity in proximal renal tubule

- Cause Increased excretion of Na+ and bicarbonate (Basic)

57
Q

Adverse effects of Acetazolamide (Diamox)

A

Metabolic Acidosis

Pharmocology (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions