Chemotherapies

Question 1

Alkylating Agents

Answer 1

Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)

Cisplatin (Platinol)

Question 2

What does Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) and

Cisplatin (Platinol) do?

Answer 2

• Alter the shape of DNA double helix and prevent cancer cell replication
• Cell cycle nonspecific (CCNS)

Question 3

Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) and

Cisplatin (Platinol) are for?

Answer 3

Broad spectrum to lymphomas, leukemia, and pancreatic, reproductive neoplasms.

Question 4

Adverse effects for Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) and

Cisplatin (Platinol)

Answer 4

• bone marrow suppression (myelosuppression)

- alopecia

Question 5

Cytotoxic Antibiotics

Answer 5

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)

Question 6

MOA for Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)

Answer 6

• Block DNA synthesis by intercalation
• Lead to DNA strand breaks and programmed cell death (apoptosis)
• Cell cycle nonspecific (CCNS)

Question 7

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) is used for

Answer 7

solid tumors and some hematologic malignancies`

Question 8

Adverse effects of Doxorubicin (Adriamycin

Answer 8

• bone marrow suppression (myelosuppression)

- alopecia

Question 9

Antimetabolites

Answer 9

Methotrexate (MTX)

Question 10

MOA for Methotrexate (MTX)

Answer 10

• Disrupt metabolic pathways of cancer cells and inhibit critical enzymes
• Folic acid analog
• Cell cycle specific to S phase

Question 11

What is Methotrexate (MTX) used for

Answer 11

Osteosarcoma, Lymphomas, Leukemias, Breast and lung cancers.

Question 12

Adverse effects of Methotrexate (MTX)

Answer 12

• bone marrow suppression (myelosuppression)
• dermatological side effects and photosensitivity
• Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Question 13

Antitumor Antibiotics

Answer 13

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)

Question 14

MOA for Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)

Answer 14

• Bind to DNA, MOA similar to alkylating agents

- Cell cycle nonspecific (CCNS)

Question 15

What is Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) used for

Answer 15

Treat for Neuroblastoma, and solid tumors of bone, bladder, breast, ovary and lung.

Question 16

Adverse effects for Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)

Answer 16

• bone marrow suppression (myelosuppression)

- cardiotoxicity

Question 17

Hormones and Hormone Antagonists

Answer 17

Estrogen
Tamoxifen
Testosterone
Dexamathosone

Question 18

MOA for Estrogen
Tamoxifen
Testosterone
Dexamathosone

Answer 18

• Block substances necessary for continued growth of tumors

- Non cytotoxic and normally for palliation

Question 19

Estrogen
Tamoxifen
Testosterone
Dexamathosone are for

Answer 19

Limited to hormone-sensitive tumors – breast or prostate

*Adverse effects vary

Question 20

Antineoplastic Enzymes

Answer 20

Asparaginase

Question 21

MOA for Asparaginase

Answer 21

• Catalyze the conversion of amino acid asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonia
• Block synthesis of DNA and proteins needed for cell survival in Leukemia cells

Question 22

Asparaginase is for

Answer 22

Treatment of ALL

Question 23

Adverse effects of Asparaginase

Answer 23

• impaired pancreatic functions
• hyperglycemia
• pancreatitis

Question 24

Natural products

Answer 24

Vincristine (Oncovin)

Question 25

MOA for Vincristine (Oncovin)

Answer 25

• Bind to tubulin which makes up the microtubules of the cells necessary for cell division and disrupt mitosis resulting in cell death
• Cell cycle specific to phase M

Question 26

Vincristine (Oncovin) is for

Answer 26

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), Lymphomas etc.

Question 27

Adverse effects of Vincristine (Oncovin)

Answer 27

neurotoxicity, which may take several months to resolve