Chemotherapies Flashcards
Alkylating Agents
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Cisplatin (Platinol)
What does Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) and
Cisplatin (Platinol) do?
- Alter the shape of DNA double helix and prevent cancer cell replication
- Cell cycle nonspecific (CCNS)
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) and
Cisplatin (Platinol) are for?
Broad spectrum to lymphomas, leukemia, and pancreatic, reproductive neoplasms.
Adverse effects for Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) and
Cisplatin (Platinol)
- bone marrow suppression (myelosuppression)
- alopecia
Cytotoxic Antibiotics
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
MOA for Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
- Block DNA synthesis by intercalation
- Lead to DNA strand breaks and programmed cell death (apoptosis)
- Cell cycle nonspecific (CCNS)
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) is used for
solid tumors and some hematologic malignancies`
Adverse effects of Doxorubicin (Adriamycin
- bone marrow suppression (myelosuppression)
- alopecia
Antimetabolites
Methotrexate (MTX)
MOA for Methotrexate (MTX)
- Disrupt metabolic pathways of cancer cells and inhibit critical enzymes
- Folic acid analog
- Cell cycle specific to S phase
What is Methotrexate (MTX) used for
Osteosarcoma, Lymphomas, Leukemias, Breast and lung cancers.
Adverse effects of Methotrexate (MTX)
- bone marrow suppression (myelosuppression)
- dermatological side effects and photosensitivity
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Antitumor Antibiotics
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
MOA for Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
- Bind to DNA, MOA similar to alkylating agents
- Cell cycle nonspecific (CCNS)
What is Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) used for
Treat for Neuroblastoma, and solid tumors of bone, bladder, breast, ovary and lung.
Adverse effects for Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
- bone marrow suppression (myelosuppression)
- cardiotoxicity
Hormones and Hormone Antagonists
Estrogen
Tamoxifen
Testosterone
Dexamathosone
MOA for Estrogen
Tamoxifen
Testosterone
Dexamathosone
- Block substances necessary for continued growth of tumors
- Non cytotoxic and normally for palliation
Estrogen
Tamoxifen
Testosterone
Dexamathosone are for
Limited to hormone-sensitive tumors – breast or prostate
*Adverse effects vary
Antineoplastic Enzymes
Asparaginase
MOA for Asparaginase
- Catalyze the conversion of amino acid asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonia
- Block synthesis of DNA and proteins needed for cell survival in Leukemia cells
Asparaginase is for
Treatment of ALL
Adverse effects of Asparaginase
- impaired pancreatic functions
- hyperglycemia
- pancreatitis
Natural products
Vincristine (Oncovin)
MOA for Vincristine (Oncovin)
- Bind to tubulin which makes up the microtubules of the cells necessary for cell division and disrupt mitosis resulting in cell death
- Cell cycle specific to phase M
Vincristine (Oncovin) is for
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), Lymphomas etc.
Adverse effects of Vincristine (Oncovin)
neurotoxicity, which may take several months to resolve
