Respiration Flashcards
What is the function of respiration?
To conduct oxygen into the body for gaseous exchange and expel CO2 as a waste product
What is the difference between internal and external respiration?
External = gaseous exchange between air and blood in the lungs Internal = gaseous exchange between blood and tissues that occurs in cells
What order of structures does air travel down to reach the alveoli
From nasal cavity/ mouth - trachea - bronchi - bronchioles - alveoli
What adaptation of the capillaries helps gas diffusion and why?
Capillaries have very thing walls between them and the alveoli meaning gas has less distance to travel
Where does gas exchange occur in mammals?
Alveoli
Where does gas exchange occur in birds?
Air capillaries
Which animal groups do NOT have a diaphragm
Birds
Reptiles
How many heme groups does haemoglobin have
4
How many O2 molecules can each erythrocyte bind to
4
what molecule is formed when Co2 and haemoglobin bind?
Carbaminohaemoglobin
Where is oxygenated blood found?
In the arteries
Where is deoxygenated blood found?
in the veins
What is the function of capillaries?
Gas exchange
How is diffusion of O2 from blood to cells possible?
Because there is a higher concentration of O2 in blood and a lower concentration in cells - O2 diffuses DOWN the concentration gradient
How is diffusion of Co2 from tissue cells to erythrocytes possible?
Because there is a higher concentration of CO2 in cells after respiration than in the blood - so Co2 diffuses down the concentration gradient
Which organelle does cellular respiration occur in?
The mitochondria
What needs to happen to ATP to release energy?
the end phosphate needs to be removed (becomes ADP)
What organs does the inspiratory centre of the brain send impulses to?
Diaphragm
Intercostal muscles
What is the function of stretch receptors in the bronchi and bronchioles?
To monitor degree of stretching, and prevent over-inflation of lungs
What is the function of chemoreceptors in respiration?
monitor levels of O2 and pH of blood
What do chemoreceptors do if they detect a low pH (acidic) in the blood?
they increase the rate and depth of respiration
