Muscles

Question 1

What are the 3 types of muscles

Answer 1

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

Question 2

What are muscles made of?

Answer 2

Fibres

Question 3

What do muscle fibres contain?

Answer 3

A myofibril

Question 4

Where are skeletal muscles found?

Answer 4

attached to the bone via tendons

Question 5

what attaches skeletal muscle to bones?

Answer 5

tendons

Question 6

what is the function of muscles

Answer 6

Mobility 
Digestion
Posture
Communication
Heat production 
Blood circulation 
Excretion

Question 7

what are the 2 types of fibres in skeletal muscles?

Answer 7

Type 1 = slow twitch

Type 2 = fast twitch

Question 8

What are type 1 skeletal muscles fibres for?

Answer 8

low intensity, high duration activities – i.e: marathons – they contract slowly but keep going for long time

Question 9

What are type 2 skeletal muscles fibres for?

Answer 9

for high intensity, short duration – i.e: 100m sprint, Wilderbeast migration – red in colour, lots of blood vessels, good O2

Question 10

Which 2 muscle types are striated?

Answer 10

Skeletal

Cardiac

Question 11

Describe the structure of skeletal muscles

Answer 11

striped (striated), no obvious banding other than the stripes

Question 12

Describe the structure of cardiac muscles

Answer 12

striped (striated), with obvious dark bands (intercalated discs), muscle fibres are branched

Question 13

Describe the structure of smooth muscle

Answer 13

spindle shaped cells with a single nucleus - NOT striated

Question 14

Where are smooth muscles found

Answer 14

Within many body systems - i.e: urinary, digestive, reproductive
And visceral structures - blood vessles, uterus, GI tract, bladder

Question 15

Are smooth muscles contractions voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 15

Involuntary

Question 16

What controls smooth muscles contractions?

Answer 16

Autonomic nervous system and hormones

Question 17

What structure does smooth muscle lack?

Answer 17

Sarcomeres - but still contains actin and myosin

Question 18

What is the arrangement of smooth muscles?

Answer 18

Overlapping cells in sheets or bundles

Question 19

Name 3 functions of smooth muscle

Answer 19

Control blood flow around vessels
Control air flow in resp. tract 
Control movement of food through GI tract
Control reproductive tract (Uterus)
Control urinary tract (bladder)

Question 20

Where are cardiac muscles found?

Answer 20

In the heart

Question 21

Are cardiac muscles voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 21

Involuntary

Question 22

What does myogenic mean?

Answer 22

the muscles can contract and relax without receiving signals from the nervous system - it takes place in a rhythmic fashion

Question 23

what is one adaptation of the cardiac muscle?

Answer 23

Has large amounts of mitochondria to provide masses of energy needed for tissue

Question 24

What links the branches muscles cells of cardiac muscles?

Answer 24

Intercalated discs

Question 25

what is the function of cardiac muscle

Answer 25

To make the heart beat

Question 26

How are muscles stimulated?

Answer 26

Through nerve impulses that stimulate muscle fibres

Question 27

What is the process of muscle stimulation?

Answer 27

Nerve impulses stimulate muscle fibres

stimulation is passed to sarcomeres via the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 28

what are the 3 key molecules in muscles contraction?

Answer 28

Actin
Myosin
Calcium

Question 29

What are the two types of actin ?

Answer 29

Tropomyosin

Troponin

Question 30

What is actin?

Answer 30

Thin filament proteins to help muscle contraction

Question 31

What is the structure of myosin

Answer 31

Thick, globular structures

Question 32

What is the structure of tropomyosin

Answer 32

long proteins, found across actin strands

Question 33

Where is myosin found?

Answer 33

In the middle of the sarcomere

Question 34

in muscle contraction, where do calcium ions bind?

Answer 34

to troponin

Question 35

which molecule breaks down ATP into ADP in muscle contraction?

Answer 35

Myosin