Joints

Question 1

What are the main 2 types of joints

Answer 1

Cartilaginous

Synovial

Question 2

What do cartilaginous joints do?

Answer 2

Provides direct connections between vertebral bodies

Question 3

What are synovial joints

Answer 3

joints found between the ones that move against each other

Question 4

What two parts make up a cartilaginous joint?

Answer 4

Nucleus pulposus

Annulus fibrosus

Question 5

What are the 2 joints of the atlas?

Answer 5

Atlanto-occipital joint

Atlantoaxial joint

Question 6

What movement is the atlanto-occipital joint limited to?

Answer 6

flexion/ extension in the sagittal plane - i.e: nodding

Question 7

What movement is the atlantoaxial joint capable of?

Answer 7

Rotational on a longitudinal axis - i.e: head shaking

Question 8

Which atlas joint is responsible for nodding?

Answer 8

The atlanto-occipital joint

Question 9

Which atlas joint is responsible for shaking the head?

Answer 9

The atlantoaxial joint

Question 10

Name 3 synovial joints

Answer 10

Shoulders
Hips
Elbow
Knee joints

Question 11

What comprises the structure of a synovial joint?

Answer 11

Synovial membrane
Fibrous joint capsule
Articular surface 
Synovial fluid
Ligaments
Meniscus

Question 12

What is found in the synovial cavity?

Answer 12

Synovial fluid

Question 13

What structure holds synovial fluid in the synovial cavity?

Answer 13

Synovial membrane

Question 14

What encompasses the entire synovial joint?

Answer 14

The fibrous joint capsule

Question 15

What happens to joints in arthritis?

Answer 15

Parts of synovial joint is worn away leading to bone on bone contact

Question 16

what are the 7 types of joint structures?

Answer 16

condylar
ellipsoidal
hinge
pivot
plane (aka gliding or arthrodial joint)
saddle
spheroidal (ball and socket)

Question 17

where can you find a ellipsoidal joint?

Answer 17

wrist

Question 18

where can you find a condylar joint

Answer 18

wrist
base if finger
connecting of the radius and carpal bones

Question 19

what movement does a condylar joint make

Answer 19

all movements except axial rotation – can go forwards, backwards, side to side

Question 20

where can you find a hinge joint

Answer 20

Elbow, knee, finger joint, toe joint, ankles

Question 21

what type of movement does a hinge joint make

Answer 21

Move along one plane – to bend and straighten actions such as flexing a finger

Question 22

where can you find a pivot joint

Answer 22

First and second vertebrae of the neck

Question 23

Describe the movement of a pivot joint

Answer 23

The cylinder end of bone rotates inside the ring of the other bone (or the ring rotates around the cylinder)

Question 24

Where can you find a plane joint (aka gliding/ arthropodial joint)

Answer 24

Between metacarpal bones (hands) and cuneiform bines (feet)

Question 25

Describe the movement of a plane joint

Answer 25

Two bone surfaces flat against each other slide over one another

Question 26

Where can you find a saddle joint

Answer 26

``` Carpometacarpal joint of thumg Sternoclavicular joint of thorax Incudomalleolar joint of the middle ear Calcaneocuboid joint of the heel Phalanges ```

Question 27

What kind of movement does a saddle joint make

Answer 27

one bone is shaped like a saddle, the other rests as a 'rider'

Question 28

Why is a saddle joint better adapted than a hinge or gliding joint

Answer 28

It provides better stability and more flexibility

Question 29

Where can you find a spheroidal joint (ball and socket)

Answer 29

Hip | Shoulder

Question 30

What kind of movement does a spheroidal joint make

Answer 30

One bone has a rounded surface that moves within a depression on another bone

Question 31

What is a spheroidal bone also known as?

Answer 31

Ball and socket

Question 32

How many vertebrae does the spine have

Answer 32

7

Question 33

What connects all vertebrae together

Answer 33

Nuchal ligament

Question 34

What are the first two cervical vertebrae known as?

Answer 34

``` The atlas (1st) The axis (2nd) ```

Question 35

What do the wings of the atlas do?

Answer 35

allows spinal column to articulate with the skull, providing a resting place for the occipital condyles

Question 36

Which is the longest vertebrae

Answer 36

Axis

Question 37

Describe the structure of the atlas

Answer 37

No conventional body | Composed of 2 lateral masses joined by dorsal and ventral arches

Question 38

What are thoracic vertebrae articulate with?

Answer 38

Ribs

Question 39

Which vertebrae are articulate with the ribs?

Answer 39

Thoracic

Question 40

Describe the structure of the thoracic vertebrae

Answer 40

Short bodies with flattened extremities, costal facets, short traverse processes and prominent spinous processes

Question 41

Describe the structure of the lumbar vertebrae

Answer 41

Longer and more uniform than thoracic vertebrae | Shorter and with long flattened traverse processes that project laterally

Question 42

Which is a vertebrae process?

Answer 42

A projection from the vertebra

Question 43

What are the 3 types of vertebrae processes

Answer 43

Spinous Transverse Articular

Question 44

Describe the structure of the sacral vertebrae

Answer 44

Sacrum = a single bone formed by the fusion of several vertebrae that articulates with the pelvic girdle - Narrows caudally and is curved to present a concave surface to the pelvic cavity

Question 45

What does Dolichocephalic mean?

Answer 45

having a long skull

Question 46

What does Mesocephalic mean?

Answer 46

Having a head of medium proportions

Question 47

What does brachycephalic mean?

Answer 47

Having a relatively short broad skull

Question 48

What is the word for a long skull

Answer 48

Dolichocephalic

Question 49

What is the word for a medium sized skull?

Answer 49

Mesocephalic

Question 50

What is the word for a short broad skull

Answer 50

brachycephalic

Question 51

Give an example of an animal with a brachycephalic skull

Answer 51

``` French bulldog Boxer Pug Humans with Down Syndrome Shih Tzus Persian cats ```

Question 52

Give an example of an animal with a mesocephalic skull

Answer 52

``` Dalmatian Labrador Beagle Border collie Springer Spaniel ```

Question 53

How would you generally describe the shape of a human skull

Answer 53

Globular (with obvious racial differences)

Question 54

What is the lower half of the ribs comprised of

Answer 54

Cartilage

Question 55

Where do the ribs meet

Answer 55

At the sternum

Question 56

What is the most caudal sternabra called?

Answer 56

The xiphoid