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RESP - drugs Flashcards

1
Q

H1 blockers:

A

Gen 1: Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine, hydroxazine, promethazine, meclizine

Gen 2: Loratidine, desloratadine, fexofenadine, cetirizine, astemazide, terfenadine

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2
Q

H1G1 blockers

A

Gen 1: Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine, hydroxazine, promethazine, meclizine

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3
Q

H1G2

A

Gen 2: Loratidine, desloratadine, fexofenadine, cetirizine, astemazide, terfenadine

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4
Q

H1G1 blocker: MOA, use, AE

A

MOA:

  • Reversible inhibition (inverse agonist)

use:

  • Allergy
  • motion sickness
  • sleep aid

AE:

  • Sedation
  • anti-muscarinics
  • anti-alpha adrenergics
  • anti-5HT

Gen 1: Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine, hydroxazine, promethazine, meclizine

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5
Q

H1G1 blocker: MOA, use, AE

A

MOA:

  • Reversible inhibition (inverse agonist)

use:

  • Allergy
  • motion sickness
  • sleep aid

AE:

  • Sedation
  • anti-muscarinics
  • anti-alpha adrenergics
  • anti-5HT

Gen 1: Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine, hydroxazine, promethazine, meclizine

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6
Q

H1G1 blocker: MOA, use, AE

A

MOA:

  • Reversible inhibition (inverse agonist)

use:

  • Allergy
  • motion sickness
  • sleep aid

AE:

  • Sedation
  • anti-muscarinics
  • anti-alpha adrenergics
  • anti-5HT

Gen 1: Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine, hydroxazine, promethazine, meclizine

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7
Q

H1G2 blocker: MOA, use, AE

A

MOA:

  • reversible inhibition (partial agonist)

use:

  • allergy

AE:

  • less sedating because less entry into CNS

Gen 2: Loratidine, desloratadine, fexofenadine, cetirizine, astemazide, terfenadine

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8
Q

H1G2 blocker: MOA, use, AE

A

MOA:

  • reversible inhibition (partial agonist)

use:

  • allergy

AE:

  • less sedating because less entry into CNS

Gen 2: Loratidine, desloratadine, fexofenadine, cetirizine, astemazide, terfenadine

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9
Q

H1G2 blocker: MOA, use, AE

A

MOA:

  • reversible inhibition (partial agonist)

use:

  • allergy

AE:

  • less sedating because less entry into CNS

Gen 2: Loratidine, desloratadine, fexofenadine, cetirizine, astemazide, terfenadine

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10
Q

Expectorants

A

Guaifenesin

NAC

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11
Q

Guaifenesin: MOA

A

Expectorant: thins respiratory secretions (but does not suppress cough reflex)

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12
Q

NAC: MOA, use

A

Mucolytic - disrupts disulphide bonds to loosen mucus plugs in CF (also for acetominophen toxicity)

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13
Q

Dextromethorphan: MOA, use, AE

A

MOA:

  • antagonizes NMDA-Rs; codeine analog

use:

  • cough suppressant (antitussive)

AE:

  • OD: give naloxone
  • mild abuse potential
  • Serotonin syndrome
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14
Q

Dextromethorphan: MOA, use, AE

A

MOA:

  • antagonizes NMDA-Rs; codeine analog

use:

  • cough suppressant (antitussive)

AE:

  • OD: give naloxone
  • mild abuse potential
  • Serotonin syndrome
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15
Q

Dextromethorphan: MOA, use, AE

A

MOA:

  • antagonizes NMDA-Rs; codeine analog

use:

  • cough suppressant (antitussive)

AE:

  • OD: give naloxone
  • mild abuse potential
  • Serotonin syndrome
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16
Q

Nasal decongestants:

A

Pseudoephedrine and phenylepherine

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17
Q

Nasal decongestants: MOA, use, AE

A

MOA:

  • alpha-agonists (Pseudoephedrine = a1 + b2) and phenylepherine (a1), a1 causes VC

use:

  • decreases hyperemeia, edema, and nasal congestion
  • Opens ostructed eustatian tubes

AE:

  • pseudoephedrine → CNS stimulation/anxiety and makes meth
  • HTN

Pseudoephedrine and phenylepherine

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18
Q

Nasal decongestants: MOA, use, AE

A

MOA:

  • alpha-agonists (Pseudoephedrine = a1 + b2) and phenylepherine (a1), a1 causes VC

use:

  • decreases hyperemeia, edema, and nasal congestion
  • Opens ostructed eustatian tubes

AE:

  • pseudoephedrine → CNS stimulation/anxiety and makes meth
  • HTN

Pseudoephedrine and phenylepherine

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19
Q

Nasal decongestants: MOA, use, AE

A

MOA:

  • alpha-agonists (Pseudoephedrine = a1 + b2) and phenylepherine (a1), a1 causes VC

use:

  • decreases hyperemeia, edema, and nasal congestion
  • Opens ostructed eustatian tubes

AE:

  • pseudoephedrine → CNS stimulation/anxiety and makes meth
  • HTN

Pseudoephedrine and phenylepherine

Pseudoephedrine and phenylepherine

20
Q

Pulmonary HTN drugs:

A

endothelin-R antagonist

PDE-5 inhibitors

Prostacyclin analogs

21
Q

Endothelin-R antagonists: name, MOA, use, AE

A

Name: Bosentan

MOA:

  • competitive antagonism @ ET-1-Rs [endothelin causes VC, so blocking then causes VD]

use:

  • decrease pulmonary vascular resistance

AE:

  • Hepatotoxicity (monitor LFTs)
  • cant use in pregnancy
22
Q

PDE-5 inhibitors: name, MOA, use, AE

A

Name: Sildenafil

MOA:

  • inhibits cGMP PDE5 and prolongs VD effect of NO

use:

  • pulmonary HTN
  • ED

AE:

  • flusing, hypotension
23
Q

Prostacyclin analogs: names, MOA, use, AE

A

Name: epoprostenol, iloprost

MOA:

  • PGI2 - DIRECT VD effect on pulmonary AND systemic ARTERIAL vascular beds
  • inhibit platelet aggregation

use:

  • Pulonary HTN
  • systemic HTN

AE:

  • JAW PAIN
  • flushing
24
Q

Asthma drugs: general mechanism

A

Decrease inflammatory pathway

Decrease PSNS tone

25
Asthma b2-agonists
Albuterol Salmeterol Formoterol
26
Albuterol use
acute asthma exacerbations (b2 ag)
27
Salmeterol **use** and AE
**use: asthma prophylaxis, especially nocturnal (b2 agonist)** AE = loss of beta specificity: tremor, arrythmia, hyperglucemia, tachycardia
28
Salmeterol use and **AE**
asthma prophylaxis, especially nocturnal (b2 agonist) **AE = loss of beta specificity: tremor, arrythmia, hyperglucemia, tachycardia**
29
Formoterol **use** and AE
**use: asthma prophylaxis, especially nocturnal (b2 agonist)** AE = loss of beta specificity: tremor, arrythmia, hyperglucemia, tachycardia
30
Formoterol use and **AE**
asthma prophylaxis, especially nocturnal (b2 agonist) **AE = loss of beta specificity: tremor, arrythmia, hyperglucemia, tachycardia**
31
Asthma corticosteroids: **names**, MOA, use, AE
**names: Fluticasone, budesonide, flunisolide, beclomethasone** MOA * inactivates NFKB (the TF for TNF-a) * Inhibits synthesis of all cytokines Use: * chronic asthma AE: * oral thrush (decrease with mouth rince or spacer) * dysphonia
32
Asthma corticosteroids: names, **MOA**, use, AE
names: Fluticasone, budesonide, flunisolide, beclomethasone **MOA** * **inactivates NFKB (the TF for TNF-a)** * **Inhibits synthesis of all cytokines** Use: * chronic asthma AE: * oral thrush (decrease with mouth rince or spacer) * dysphonia
33
Asthma corticosteroids: names, MOA, **use**, AE
names: Fluticasone, budesonide, flunisolide, beclomethasone MOA * inactivates NFKB (the TF for TNF-a) * Inhibits synthesis of all cytokines **Use:** * **chronic asthma** AE: * oral thrush (decrease with mouth rince or spacer) * dysphonia
34
Asthma corticosteroids: names, MOA, use, **AE**
names: Fluticasone, budesonide, flunisolide, beclomethasone MOA * inactivates NFKB (the TF for TNF-a) * Inhibits synthesis of all cytokines Use: * chronic asthma **AE:** * **oral thrush (decrease with mouth rince or spacer)** * **dysphonia**
35
ipratropium **MOA** and use
**MOA: Competitive muscarinic antagonist, prevents bronchocontriction** Use: asthma and COPD
36
ipratropium MOA and **use**
MOA: Competitive muscarinic antagonist, prevents bronchocontriction ## Footnote **Use: asthma and COPD**
37
Montelukast/Zafirlukast: MOA and use
Block LT-R (CysLT1) (LT C4, D4, E4) ASA-induced asthma
38
Zileuton: MOA and AE
MOA = 5-LOX inhibitor AE = hepatotoxicity
39
Omalizumab: **MOA** and use
**MOA: monoclonal ANTI-IgE ANTIBODY; binds free IgE and blocks it's binding to FcE-R1** Use: allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and LABAs
40
Omalizumab: MOA and **use**
MOA: monoclonal ANTI-IgE ANTIBODY; binds free IgE and blocks it's binding to FcE-R1 **Use: allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and LABAs**
41
Theophylline: **family**, MOA, AE
**Family: methylxanthines** MOA: inhibits PDE AE: * cardiotoxic (arrythmias) * neurotoxic (seizures) * metabolized by P450 * Blocks actions of adenosine * tremor * N/D; abdominal pain
42
Theophylline: family, **MOA**, AE
Family: methylxanthines **MOA: inhibits PDE** AE: * cardiotoxic (arrythmias) * neurotoxic (seizures) * metabolized by P450 * Blocks actions of adenosine * tremor * N/D; abdominal pain
43
Theophylline: family, MOA, **AE**
Family: methylxanthines MOA: inhibits PDE **AE:** * **cardiotoxic (arrythmias)** * **neurotoxic (seizures)** * **metabolized by P450** * **Blocks actions of adenosine** * **tremor** * **N/D; abdominal pain**
44
Methacholine: MOA, use
M3 agonist - bronchoconstriction Diagnose asthma
45
Cromolyn and Nedocromil: MOA, use, AE
MOA: mast cell stabilizers use: asthma prophylaxis AE: * Cromolyn = laryngeal edema, cough, wheeze * nedocromil = bad taste

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