Micro - Penicillins And Cephalosporins Flashcards
Rank Penicillins by GM negative
Naf, penicillins, amox, piper/ticer
Increasing Gm negative spectrum:
Naf, penicillins, amox, piper/ticer
Nafcillin - Treats?
Staph (not MRSA)
Nafcillin - Side effects
Interstitial nephritis
Nafcillin - Cool neat thing?
Resistant to penicillinases
Penicillins (V and G) - Treats?
(+): Strep pneumo, Strep Pyo, Actinomyces
(-): Niesseria
Spirochetes
Jarlisch Herxheimer
Killing of spirochetes –> toxicity
not hypersensitivity
Amoxicillin / Ampicillin - Treats?
HHEELPSS:
H. influenza, H. Pylori, E. Coli, Enterococci, Listeria, Proteus, Salmonella, shigella
Amoxicillin / ampicillin - SE?
Pseudomembranous colitis
Pipercillin / Ticercillin - Treat?
Pseudomonas
Penicillin (V and G) - SE?
Hemolytic anemia
Penicillinase inhibitors (b-lactamase inhibitors)
Clavulinic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam
Gen 1 celphalosporins:
Cephazolin, cephalexin
G1 Cephalosporins - treat?
PECK:
Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, Klebsiella
G2 Cephalosporins:
Cefaclor, Cefoxitin, cefuroxime
G2 Cephalosporins - Treat?
HEN PECKS:
H. Flu, Enterobacter, Neisseria spp., Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, Klebsiella, Serratia
G3 Cephalosporins:
Ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidine
G3 Cephalosporins - Treat?
Serious gram negatives
Ceftriaxone: Meningitis, gonorrhea, disseminated Lyme
Ceftazidime: Pseudomonas
4th Gen cephalosporines
Cefepime
4th Gen cephalosporins - treat?
Pseudomonas
5th Gen cephalosporins:
Ceftaroline
5th Gen cephalosporins - Treat? Don’t treat?
MRSA,
DOES NOT TREAT PSEUDOMONAS
Cephalosporins AE? (3)
Disulfram like reactions
Vit K def.
AHA (and cross-reactivity with penicillins)
Nephrotoxiciy (especially when given with aminoglycosides)
Carbapenems - use?
Very Broad spectrum, significant side effects limit use.
Used only for life threatening infections
Carbapenems - AE? AE treatment?
Kidney –> Dehydropeptidase 1 –> Toxic Metabolite
Cilastatin –| Dehydropeptidase 1
Also: Skin rash, CNS toxicity –> Seizures
Monobactam: Aztreonam - Binds?
Penicillin binding protein 3
Aztreonam - USE?
Grm negative rods (no cross allergy with penicillins)
Vancomycin - Use? (2)
MRSA + C. Dif
Vancomycin - AE (3)
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Thrombophlebitis (red man syndrome on quick infusion)
Vancomycin - resistance mechanism
D-ala –> D-Lac