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Psych 3313 > Research Methods in Behavioral Neuroscience > Flashcards

Research Methods in Behavioral Neuroscience Flashcards

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1
Q

Microdialysis

A

Measure neurotransmitter output from local brain region

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2
Q

Histology

A

Microanatomy of cells

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3
Q

Sort of stains opposite nissil stains

A

myelin stain

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4
Q

Random which cells take the stain. Single cell. Complex structure

A

Golgi stain

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5
Q

What does the speed tell us when looking at research

A

Temporal resolution. Slow vs fast. The timing

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6
Q

Molecules tagged with radioactive isotope and injected into blood. Positrons are emitted, collide with electrons, create photons that are detectable

A

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

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7
Q

Individual neurons express different colors

A

brainbow

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8
Q

Infusion

A

Put chemicals directly in to local brain region. Keep it from being widespread. Only affects one area.

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9
Q

Great still image quality, no radiation. Long scan time, expensive, claustrophobic

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

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10
Q

Low vs High invasiveness

A

Does it require surgery?

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11
Q

Early method used to inaccurately link bumps to traits. Led to localizations

A

Phrenology

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12
Q

Shows structural connections

A

brainbow

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13
Q

Improved spatial resolution over EEG, fast temp. resolution, non-invasive. Very large, expensive, requires helium for SQUID sensor.

A

Magnetoencephalogram (MEG)

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14
Q

Aligns water molecules, adjusts the molecules, then takes an image

A

MRI

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15
Q

Criticized as “dead fish” and modern phrenology

A

fMRI

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16
Q

Fine wire/glass electrodes implanted into brain. Answers when action potentials correlate with behavior. Fast temporal resolution with small spatial resolution

A

Intracellular: Microelectrode single unit or multi unit

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17
Q

Used in gene editing: Cre-Lox recombination. Merging genetics and neuroscience

A

brainbow

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18
Q

Records sum total of extracellular post-synaptic potentials (not action potentials)

A

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

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19
Q

Piercing the skull

A

craniotomy

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20
Q

Nissil Stains

A

Cell bodies/nuclei, layers

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21
Q

Identifies neural pathways and connections

A

myelin stain

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22
Q

Cannulation

A

Insert a specialized probe

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23
Q

What does the scale tell us when looking at research

A

Spatial resolution. Small vs large. The zoom

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24
Q

Accessible, good for diagnosing, less claustrophobic, quick scan time. Not great quality, not often used in research, radiation exposure

A

CT scan

25
Q

Microcrystalization of silver chromate

A

Golgi stain

26
Q

Recorded with micro electrode arrays implanted in brain. Detects oscillatory (sinusoidal) patterns. Like sections in a stadium. When regions are synchronized in electrical communication

A

Extracellular: Local field potentials (LFP)

27
Q

Light coloring shows cell bodies, dendrites

A

myelin stain

28
Q

High temp. resolution, safe, portable, affordable. Low spatial resolution, can’t go beyond a few mm deep, signal noise

A

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

29
Q

Golgi Silver Stain

A

Structural. Random single cells, structural features.

30
Q

How do you pick the right tool

A

depends on the population you study

31
Q

Focusing a strong magnet to decrease or increase neural activity in a certain section

A

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

32
Q

The black reaction

A

Golgi stain

33
Q

What to think about when looking at research

A

Scale, speed, structure v function, static v dynamic, low v high invasiveness, unique risks, ethical concerns, cost, and accessibility

34
Q

What can you do with a stereotaxic machine in surgery?

A

Lesion, ablation, cannulation, infusion, and microdialysis

35
Q

Changes in blood flow and blood oxygenation closely linked with neural activity. Ratio of oxygenated hemoglobin to deoxyhemoglobin determines areas of brain activation

A

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

36
Q

Shows dark coloring that are axons, fiber tracts (white matter)

A

myelin stain

37
Q

Reasons for animal models

A

Controlled environment, homogenous history, briefer development and lifespan, some experiments can’t be ethically done on people

38
Q

Shows bright multicolored labeling of neuronal circuits with fluorescent proteins and chemical tags

A

brainbow

39
Q

Uses glass micro-pipettes to show a single ion channel open or closed

A

Cellular: patch clamp electrodes

40
Q

Tells us where are connections and how do they change

A

Connectome mapping

41
Q

Ethical research with humans

A

Institutional oversight, informed consent, minimizing pain discomfort and risk, debriefing, no coercion, confidentiality

42
Q

Lesion

A

Any abnormal damage or change in tissue

43
Q

Stains fatty myelin sheath that forms insulation around axons

A

myelin stain

44
Q

Ablation

A

Removal of tissue. Suck it out with a vacuum

45
Q

What machine is used in assisting brain surgery?

A

Stereotaxic machine

46
Q

Sort of stains opposite myelin stains

A

nissil stain

47
Q

Myelin stains

A

axon/fiber tracts, connections

48
Q

Electrodes placed directly on surface of cortex. Records local field potentials, not action potentials. Usually done during brain surgery. High risk.

A

Cortical surface: Electrocorticogram (ECoG)

49
Q

Answers big structural questions by combining x-ray images taken from different angles. Exposure to ionizing radiation

A

Computed Tomography (CT or CAT) scan

50
Q

Structure vs Function

A 
Structure = what does it look like
Function = what does it do
51
Q

Two electrical stimulation methods

A

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and Deep brain stimulation (DBS)

52
Q

Structural imaging tools

A

CT, MRI, DTI

53
Q

Measures aggregate graded potentials (extracellular ionic flow) from many thousands of neurons. Correlates with changes in behavior and consciousness

A

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

54
Q

Shows dark spots that are the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cell nucleus (gray matter)

A

nissil stain

55
Q

Uses diffusion of water to map white matter tracts throughout the brain. Connectome mapping - where do the connections form and how do they change. Normal and abnormal pathways

A

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)

56
Q

Static vs Dynamic

A 
Static = stays the same
Dynamic = Changes over time
57
Q

Brainbow

A

Bright, fluorescent single cell. Certain cells color under certain conditions

58
Q

Measures neurons electrical activity using a SQUID sensor

A

Magnetoencephalogram (MEG)

59
Q

Identifies populations of cell bodies and layered structures like the cortex and hippocampus

A

nissil stain

Psych 3313 (24 decks)

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